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Chapter 8
O edn 659-745, O tr. 167-1898.1. The Justice System
O edn 659-745, O tr. 167-1898.1.1. Court
O edn 659, O tr. 1678.01a vyavahārān didṛkṣus tu brāhmaṇaiḥ saha pārthivaḥ |
8.01c mantrajñair mantribhiś ca-eva vinītaḥ praviśet sabhām || 1
||
8.02a tatra-āsīnaḥ sthito vā-api pāṇim udyamya dakṣiṇam |
8.02c vinīta.veṣa.ābharaṇaḥ paśyet kāryāṇi kāryiṇām || 2 ||
8.03a pratyahaṃ deśadṛṣṭaiś ca śāstradṛṣṭaiś ca hetubhiḥ |
8.03c aṣṭādaśasu mārgeṣu nibaddhāni pṛthak pṛthak || 3 ||
8.1.2. Grounds for Litigation
O edn 659-660, O tr. 1678.04a teṣām ādyam ṛṇādānaṃ nikṣepo 'svāmivikrayaḥ |
8.04c sambhūya ca samutthānaṃ dattasya-anapakarma ca || 4 ||
8.05a vetanasya-eva cādānaṃ saṃvidaś ca vyatikramaḥ |
8.05c kraya.vikrayānuśayo vivādaḥ svāmi.pālayoḥ || 5 ||
8.06a sīmāvivādadharmaś ca pāruṣye daṇḍavācike |
8.06c steyaṃ ca sāhasaṃ ca-eva strīsaṅgrahaṇam eva ca || 6 ||
8.07a strī.pundharmo vibhāgaś ca dyūtam āhvaya eva ca |
8.07c padāny aṣṭādaśa-etāni vyavahārasthitāv iha || 7 ||
8.08a eṣu sthāneṣu bhūyiṣṭhaṃ vivādaṃ caratāṃ nṛṇām |
8.08c dharmaṃ śāśvatam āśritya kuryāt kāryavinirṇayam || 8 ||
8.1.3. Legal Proceedings
O edn 660-666, O tr. 167-1698.1.3.1. Judges
O edn 660, O tr. 1678.09a yadā svayaṃ na kuryāt tu nṛpatiḥ kāryadarśanam |
8.09c tadā niyuñjyād vidvāṃsaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ kāryadarśane || 9
||
8.10a so 'sya kāryāṇi sampaśyet sabhyair eva tribhir vṛtaḥ
|
8.10c sabhām eva praviśya-agryām āsīnaḥ sthita eva vā || 10
||
8.11a yasmin deśe niṣīdanti viprā vedavidas trayaḥ |
8.11c rājñaś ca-adhikṛto vidvān brahmaṇas tāṃ sabhāṃ viduḥ ||
11 ||
8.1.3.2. Pursuit of Justice
O edn 661-662, O tr. 167-1688.12a dharmo viddhas tv adharmeṇa sabhāṃ yatra-upatiṣṭhate
|
8.12c śalyaṃ ca-asya na kṛntanti viddhās tatra sabhāsadaḥ || 12
||
8.13a sabhāṃ vā na praveṣṭavyaṃ vaktavyaṃ vā samañjasam | 230
8.13c abruvan vibruvan vā-api naro bhavati kilbiṣī || 13 ||
8.14a yatra dharmo hy adharmeṇa satyaṃ yatra-anṛtena ca |
8.14c hanyate prekṣamāṇānāṃ hatās tatra sabhāsadaḥ || 14 ||
8.15a dharma eva hato hanti dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ |
8.15c tasmād dharmo na hantavyo mā no dharmo hato 'vadhīt || 15
|| 231
8.16a vṛṣo hi bhagavān dharmas tasya yaḥ kurute hy alam | 232
8.16c vṛṣalaṃ taṃ vidur devās tasmād dharmaṃ na lopayet || 16
||
8.17a eka eva suhṛd dharmo nidhāne 'py anuyāti yaḥ |
8.17c śarīreṇa samaṃ nāśaṃ sarvam anyadd hi gacchati || 17
||
8.18a pādo 'dharmasya kartāraṃ pādaḥ sākṣiṇam ṛcchati |
8.18c pādaḥ sabhāsadaḥ sarvān pādo rājānam ṛcchati || 18 ||
8.19a rājā bhavaty an.enās tu mucyante ca sabhāsadaḥ |
8.19c eno gacchati kartāraṃ nindā.arho yatra nindyate || 19
||
8.1.3.3. Excursus: Śūdras as Legal Interpreters
O edn 662, O tr. 1688.20a jātimātra.upajīvī vā kāmaṃ syād brāhmaṇabruvaḥ |
8.20c dharmapravaktā nṛpater na śūdraḥ kathaṃ cana || 20 ||
8.21a yasya śūdras tu kurute rājño dharmavivecanam |
8.21c tasya sīdati tad rāṣṭraṃ paṅke gaur iva paśyataḥ || 21
||
8.22a yad rāṣṭraṃ śūdra.bhūyiṣṭhaṃ nāstikākrāntam a.dvijam
|
8.22c vinaśyaty āśu tat kṛtsnaṃ durbhikṣa.vyādhipīḍitam || 22
||
8.1.3.4. Judicial Conduct and Reasoning-I
O edn 662-663, O tr. 1688.23a dharmāsanam adhiṣṭhāya saṃvīta.aṅgaḥ samāhitaḥ |
8.23c praṇamya lokapālebhyaḥ kāryadarśanam ārabhet || 23 ||
8.24a artha.anarthāv ubhau buddhvā dharma.adharmau ca kevalau
|
8.24c varṇakrameṇa sarvāṇi paśyet kāryāṇi kāryiṇām || 24 ||
8.25a bāhyair vibhāvayet-liṅgair bhāvam antargataṃ nṛṇām |
8.25c svara.varṇa.iṅgita.ākāraiś cakṣuṣā ceṣṭitena ca || 25
||
8.26a ākārair iṅgitair gatyā ceṣṭayā bhāṣitena ca |
8.26c netra.vaktravikāraiś ca gṛhyate 'ntargataṃ manaḥ || 26
||
8.1.3.5. Excursus: Property and Minors and Women
O edn 663, O tr. 1688.27a bāladāya.ādikaṃ rikthaṃ tāvad rājā-anupālayet |
8.27c yāvat sa syāt samāvṛtto yāvat-ca-atīta.śaiśavaḥ] || 27 ||
233
8.28a vaśā.aputrāsu ca-evaṃ syād rakṣaṇaṃ niṣ.kulāsu ca |
8.28c pati.vratāsu ca strīṣu vidhavāsv āturāsu ca || 28 ||
8.29a jīvantīnāṃ tu tāsāṃ ye tadd hareyuḥ svabāndhavāḥ |
8.29c tān-śiṣyāt-cauradaṇḍena dhārmikaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ || 29
||
8.1.3.6. Excursus: Lost and Stolen Property
O edn 664-665, O tr. 168-1698.30a praṇaṣṭa.svāmikaṃ rikthaṃ rājā tryabdaṃ nidhāpayet |
8.30c arvāk tryabdādd haret svāmī pareṇa nṛpatir haret || 30
||
8.31a mama-idam iti yo brūyāt so 'nuyojyo yathāvidhi |
8.31c saṃvādya rūpa.saṅkhyādīn svāmī tad dravyam arhati || 31
||
8.32a a.vedayāno naṣṭasya deśaṃ kālaṃ ca tattvataḥ |
8.32c varṇaṃ rūpaṃ pramāṇaṃ ca tatsamaṃ daṇḍam arhati || 32
||
8.33a ādadīta-atha ṣaḍbhāgaṃ pranaṣṭa.adhigatān nṛpaḥ |
8.33c daśamaṃ dvādaśaṃ vā-api satāṃ dharmam anusmaran || 33
||
8.34a pranaṣṭa.adhigataṃ dravyaṃ tiṣṭhed yuktair adhiṣṭhitam
|
8.34c yāṃs tatra caurān gṛhṇīyāt tān rājā-ibhena ghātayet || 34
||
8.35a mamāyam iti yo brūyān nidhiṃ satyena mānavaḥ |
8.35c tasyādadīta ṣaḍbhāgaṃ rājā dvādaśam eva vā || 35 ||
8.36a anṛtaṃ tu vadan daṇḍyaḥ svavittasya-aṃśam aṣṭamam |
8.36c tasya-eva vā nidhānasya saṅkhyayā-alpīyasīṃ kalām || 36
||
8.37a vidvāṃs tu brāhmaṇo dṛṣṭvā pūrva.upanihitaṃ nidhim |
8.37c aśeṣato 'py ādadīta sarvasya-adhipatir hi saḥ || 37
||
8.38a yaṃ tu paśyen nidhiṃ rājā purāṇaṃ nihitaṃ kṣitau |
8.38c tasmād dvijebhyo dattvā-ardham ardhaṃ kośe praveśayet ||
38 ||
8.39a nidhīnāṃ tu purāṇānāṃ dhātūnām eva ca kṣitau |
8.39c ardhabhāg rakṣaṇād rājā bhūmer adhipatir hi saḥ || 39
||
8.40a dātavyaṃ sarvavarṇebhyo rājñā caurair hṛtaṃ dhanam |
8.40c rājā tad upayuñjānaś caurasya-āpnoti kilbiṣam || 40
||
8.1.3.7. Judicial Conduct and Reasoning-II
O edn 665-666, O tr. 1698.41a jāti.jānapadān dharmān śreṇīdharmāṃś ca dharmavit |
8.41c samīkṣya kuladharmāṃś ca svadharmaṃ pratipādayet || 41
||
8.42a svāni karmāṇi kurvāṇā dūre santo 'pi mānavāḥ |
8.42c priyā bhavanti lokasya sve sve karmaṇy avasthitāḥ || 42
||
8.43a na-utpādayet svayaṃ kāryaṃ rājā na-apy asya puruṣaḥ |
8.43c na ca prāpitam anyena grased arthaṃ kathaṃ cana || 43 ||
234
8.44a yathā nayaty asṛkpātair mṛgasya mṛgayuḥ padam |
8.44c nayet tathā-anumānena dharmasya nṛpatiḥ padam || 44
||
8.45a satyam arthaṃ ca sampaśyed ātmānam atha sākṣiṇaḥ | 235
8.45c deśaṃ rūpaṃ ca kālaṃ ca vyavahāravidhau sthitaḥ || 45
||
8.46a sadbhir ācaritaṃ yat syād dhārmikaiś ca dvijātibhiḥ |
8.46c tad deśa.kula.jātīnām a.viruddhaṃ prakalpayet || 46
||
8.1.4. Grounds for Litigation-I Non-payment of Debts
O edn 666-694, O tr. 169-1768.47a adhamarṇārthasiddhyartham uttamarṇena coditaḥ |
8.47c dāpayed dhanikasya-artham adhamarṇād vibhāvitam || 47 ||
8.48a yair yair upāyair arthaṃ svaṃ prāpnuyād uttamarṇikaḥ |
8.48c tair tair upāyaiḥ saṅgṛhya dāpayed adhamarṇikam || 48 ||
8.49a dharmeṇa vyavahāreṇa chalena-ācaritena ca |
8.49c prayuktaṃ sādhayed arthaṃ pañcamena balena ca || 49 ||
8.50a yaḥ svayaṃ sādhayed artham uttamarṇo 'dhamarṇikāt |
8.50c na sa rājñā-abhiyoktavyaḥ svakaṃ saṃsādhayan dhanam || 50
||
8.51a arthe 'pavyayamānaṃ tu karaṇena vibhāvitam |
8.51c dāpayed dhanikasya-arthaṃ daṇḍaleśaṃ ca śaktitaḥ || 51 ||
8.52a apahnave 'dhamarṇasya dehi-ity uktasya saṃsadi |
8.52c abhiyoktā diśed deśyaṃ karaṇaṃ vā-anyad uddiśet || 52 ||
8.53a adeśyaṃ yaś ca diśati nirdiśya-apahnute ca yaḥ |
8.53c yaś ca-adhara.uttarān arthān vigītān na-avabudhyate || 53
||
8.54a apadiśya-apadeśyaṃ ca punar yas tv apadhāvati | 236
8.54c samyak praṇihitaṃ ca-arthaṃ pṛṣṭaḥ san na-abhinandati || 54
||
8.55a a.sambhāṣye sākṣibhiś ca deśe sambhāṣate mithaḥ |
8.55c nirucyamānaṃ praśnaṃ ca na-icched yaś ca-api niṣpatet || 55
||
8.56a brūhi-ity uktaś ca na brūyād uktaṃ ca na vibhāvayet |
8.56c na ca pūrva.aparaṃ vidyāt tasmād arthāt sa hīyate || 56
||
8.57a sākṣiṇaḥ santi mety uktvā diśa-ity ukto diśen na yaḥ | 237
8.57c dharmasthaḥ kāraṇair etair hīnaṃ tam api nirdiśet || 57 ||
238
8.58a abhiyoktā na ced brūyād badhyo daṇḍyaś ca dharmataḥ | 239
8.58c na cet tripakṣāt prabrūyād dharmaṃ prati parājitaḥ || 58
||
8.59a yo yāvat-nihnuvīta-arthaṃ mithyā yāvati vā vadet |
8.59c tau nṛpeṇa hy adharmajñau dāpyo taddviguṇaṃ damam || 59
||
8.60a pṛṣṭo 'pavyayamānas tu kṛta.avastho dhana.eṣiṇā |
8.60c tryavaraiḥ sākṣibhir bhāvyo nṛpa.brāhmaṇasannidhau || 60
||
8.61a yādṛśā dhanibhiḥ kāryā vyavahāreṣu sākṣiṇaḥ |
8.61c tādṛśān sampravakṣyāmi yathā vācyam ṛtaṃ ca taiḥ || 61 ||
8.1.4.1. Qualification of Witnesses
O edn 670-672, O tr. 1708.62a gṛhiṇaḥ putriṇo maulāḥ kṣatra.viś.śūdra.yonayaḥ |
8.62c arthyuktāḥ sākṣyam arhanti na ye ke cid anāpadi || 62
||
8.63a āptāḥ sarveṣu varṇeṣu kāryāḥ kāryeṣu sākṣiṇaḥ |
8.63c sarvadharmavido 'lubdhā viparītāṃs tu varjayet || 63
||
8.64a na-arthasambandhino na-āptā na sahāyā na vairiṇaḥ |
8.64c na dṛṣṭadoṣāḥ kartavyā na vyādhyārtā na dūṣitāḥ || 64
||
8.65a na sākṣī nṛpatiḥ kāryo na kāruka.kuśīlavau |
8.65c na śrotriyo na liṅgastho na saṅgebhyo vinirgataḥ || 65
||
8.66a na-adhyadhīno na vaktavyo na dasyur na vikarmakṛt |
8.66c na vṛddho na śiśur na-eko na-antyo na vikala.indriyaḥ ||
66 ||
8.67a na-ārto na matto na-unmatto na kṣut.tṛṣṇā.upapīḍitaḥ
|
8.67c na śramārto na kāmārto na kruddho na-api taskaraḥ || 67
||
8.68a strīṇāṃ sākṣyaṃ striyaḥ kuryur dvijānāṃ sadṛśā dvijāḥ
|
8.68c śūdrāś ca santaḥ śūdrāṇām antyānām antya.yonayaḥ || 68
||
8.69a anubhāvī tu yaḥ kaś cit kuryāt sākṣyaṃ vivādinām |
8.69c antarveśmany araṇye vā śarīrasya-api ca-atyaye || 69
||
8.70a striyā-apy asambhāve kāryaṃ bālena sthavireṇa vā |
8.70c śiṣyeṇa bandhunā vā-api dāsena bhṛtakena vā || 70 ||
8.71a bāla.vṛddha.āturāṇāṃ ca sākṣyeṣu vadatāṃ mṛṣā |
8.71c jānīyād asthirāṃ vācam utsikta.manasāṃ tathā || 71 ||
8.72a sāhaseṣu ca sarveṣu steya.saṅgrahaṇeṣu ca |
8.72c vāg.daṇḍayoś ca pāruṣye na parīkṣeta sākṣiṇaḥ || 72
||
8.1.4.2. Assessing Testimony
O edn 672-673, O tr. 170-1718.73a bahutvaṃ parigṛhṇīyāt sākṣidvaidhe narādhipaḥ |
8.73c sameṣu tu guṇa.utkṛṣṭān guṇidvaidhe dvijottamān || 73
||
8.74a samakṣadarśanāt sākṣyaṃ śravaṇāc ca-eva sidhyati |
8.74c tatra satyaṃ bruvan sākṣī dharma.arthābhyāṃ na hīyate ||
74 ||
8.75a sākṣī dṛṣṭa.śrutād anyad vibruvann āryasaṃsadi |
8.75c avāṅ narakam abhyeti pretya svargāc ca hīyate || 75
||
8.76a yatra-anibaddho 'pīkṣeta śṛṇuyād vā-api kiṃ cana |
8.76c pṛṣṭas tatra-api tad brūyād yathādṛṣṭaṃ yathāśrutam || 76
||
8.77a eko 'lubdhas tu sākṣī syād bahvyaḥ śucyo 'pi na striyaḥ |
240
8.77c strībuddher asthiratvāt tu doṣaiś ca-anye 'pi ye vṛtāḥ ||
77 ||
8.78a svabhāvena-eva yad brūyus tad grāhyaṃ vyāvahārikam |
8.78c ato yad anyad vibrūyur dharmārthaṃ tad apārthakam || 78
||
8.1.4.3. Questioning of Witnesses
O edn 673-679, O tr. 171-1728.79a sabhāntaḥ sākṣiṇaḥ prāptān arthi.pratyarthi.sannidhau
|
8.79c prāḍvivāko 'nuyuñjīta vidhinā-anena sāntvayan || 79
||
8.80a yad dvayor anayor vettha kārye 'smiṃś ceṣṭitaṃ mithaḥ
|
8.80c tad brūta sarvaṃ satyena yuṣmākaṃ hy atra sākṣitā || 80
||
8.81a satyaṃ sākṣye bruvan sākṣī lokān āpnoty puṣkalān | 241
8.81c iha ca-an.uttamāṃ kīrtiṃ vāg eṣā brahmapūjitā || 81
||
8.82a sākṣye 'nṛtaṃ vadan pāśair badhyate vāruṇair bhṛśam |
8.82c vivaśaḥ śatam ājātīs tasmāt sākṣyaṃ vaded ṛtam || 82
||
8.83a satyena pūyate sākṣī dharmaḥ satyena vardhate |
8.83c tasmāt satyaṃ hi vaktavyaṃ sarvavarṇeṣu sākṣibhiḥ || 83
||
8.84a ātmā-eva hy ātmanaḥ sākṣī gatir ātmā tathā-ātmanaḥ |
8.84c mā-avamaṃsthāḥ svam ātmānaṃ nṛṇāṃ sākṣiṇam uttamam || 84
||
8.85a manyante vai pāpakṛto na kaś cit paśyati-iti naḥ |
8.85c tāṃs tu devāḥ prapaśyanti svasya-eva-antarapūruṣaḥ || 85
||
8.86a dyaur bhūmir āpo hṛdayaṃ candra.arka.agni.yama.anilāḥ
|
8.86c rātriḥ sandhye ca dharmaś ca vṛttajñāḥ sarvadehinām || 86
||
8.87a deva.brāhmaṇasānnidhye sākṣyaṃ pṛcched ṛtaṃ dvijān |
8.87c udaṅ.mukhān prāṅ.mukhān vā pūrvāhṇe vai śuciḥ śucīn || 87
||
8.88a brūhi-iti brāhmaṇaṃ pṛcchet satyaṃ brūhi-iti pārthivam
|
8.88c go.bīja.kāñcanair vaiśyaṃ śūdraṃ sarvais tu pātakaiḥ ||
88 ||
8.89a brahmaghno ye smṛtā lokā ye ca strī.bāla.ghātinaḥ |
8.89c mitradruhaḥ kṛta.ghnasya te te syur bruvato mṛṣā || 89
||
8.90a janmaprabhṛti yat kiṃ cit puṇyaṃ bhadra tvayā kṛtam |
8.90c tat te sarvaṃ śuno gacched yadi brūyās tvam anyathā || 90
||
8.91a eko 'ham asmi-ity ātmānaṃ yas tvaṃ kalyāṇa manyase |
8.91c nityaṃ sthitas te hṛdy eṣa puṇya.pāpa.īkṣitā muniḥ || 91
||
8.92a yamo vaivasvato devo yas tava-eṣa hṛdi sthitaḥ |
8.92c tena ced avivādas te mā gaṅgāṃ mā kurūn gamaḥ || 92
||
8.93a nagno muṇḍaḥ kapālena ca bhikṣārthī kṣut.pipāsitaḥ |
242
8.93c andhaḥ śatrukulaṃ gacched yaḥ sākṣyam anṛtaṃ vadet || 93
||
8.94a avāk.śirās tamasy andhe kilbiṣī narakaṃ vrajet |
8.94c yaḥ praśnaṃ vitathaṃ brūyāt pṛṣṭaḥ san dharmaniścaye ||
94 ||
8.95a andho matsyān iva-aśnāti sa naraḥ kaṇṭakaiḥ saha |
8.95c yo bhāṣate 'rthavaikalyam a.pratyakṣaṃ sabhāṃ gataḥ || 95
||
8.96a yasya vidvān hi vadataḥ kṣetrajño na-abhiśaṅkate | 243
8.96c tasmān na devāḥ śreyāṃsaṃ loke 'nyaṃ puruṣaṃ viduḥ || 96
||
8.97a yāvato bāndhavān yasmin hanti sākṣye 'nṛtaṃ vadan |
8.97c tāvataḥ saṅkhyayā tasmin śṛṇu saumya-anupūrvaśaḥ || 97
||
8.98a pañca paśu.anṛte hanti daśa hanti gavānṛte |
8.98c śatam aśvānṛte hanti sahasraṃ puruṣānṛte || 98 ||
8.99a hanti jātān ajātāṃś ca hiraṇyārthe 'nṛtaṃ vadan |
8.99c sarvaṃ bhūmi.anṛte hanti mā sma bhūmi.anṛtaṃ vadīḥ || 99
||
8.100a apsu bhūmivad ity āhuḥ strīṇāṃ bhoge ca maithune |
8.100c abjeṣu ca-eva ratneṣu sarveṣv aśmamayeṣu ca || 100
||
8.101a etān doṣān avekṣya tvaṃ sarvān anṛtabhāṣaṇe |
8.101c yathāśrutaṃ yathādṛṣṭaṃ sarvam eva-añjasā vada || 101
||
8.102a gorakṣakān vāṇijikāṃs tathā kāru.kuśīlavān | 244
8.102c preṣyān vārdhuṣikāṃś ca-eva viprān śūdravad ācaret ||
102 ||
8.1.4.4. Excusable False Testimony
O edn 679-680, O tr. 1728.103a tad vadan dharmato 'rtheṣu jānann apy anythā naraḥ |
8.103c na svargāc cyavate lokād daivīṃ vācaṃ vadanti tām || 103
||
8.104a śūdra.viś.kṣatra.viprāṇāṃ yatra-ṛta.uktau bhaved vadhaḥ
|
8.104c tatra vaktavyam anṛtaṃ tadd hi satyād viśiṣyate || 104
||
8.105a vāc.daivatyaiś ca carubhir yajeraṃs te sarasvatīm |
8.105c anṛtasya-enasas tasya kurvāṇā niṣkṛtiṃ parām || 105
||
8.1.4.5. Failure to Give Evidence
O edn 680, O tr. 1728.107a tripakṣād abruvan sākṣyam ṛṇādiṣu naro '.gadaḥ |
8.107c tadṛṇaṃ prāpnuyāt sarvaṃ daśabandhaṃ ca sarvataḥ || 107
||
J 161
8.1.4.6. Signs of False Testimony
O edn 680, O tr. 1738.108a yasya dṛśyeta saptāhād ukta.vākyasya sākṣiṇaḥ |
8.108c rogo 'gnir jñātimaraṇam ṛṇaṃ dāpyo damaṃ ca saḥ || 108
||
8.1.4.7. Oaths and Ordeals
O edn 681-682, O tr. 1738.109a asākṣikeṣu tv artheṣu mitho vivādamānayoḥ |
8.109c avindaṃs tattvataḥ satyaṃ śapathena-api lambhayet || 109
||
8.110a maharṣibhiś ca devaiś ca kāryārthaṃ śapathāḥ kṛtāḥ |
8.110c vasiṣṭhaś ca-api śapathaṃ śepe paijavane nṛpe || 110
||
8.111a na vṛthā śapathaṃ kuryāt svalpe 'py arthe naro budhaḥ
|
8.111c vṛthā hi śapathaṃ kurvan pretya ca-iha ca naśyati || 111
||
8.112a kāminīṣu vivāheṣu gavāṃ bhakṣye tathā-indhane |
8.112c brāhmaṇa.abhyupapattau ca śapathe na-asti pātakam || 112
||
8.113a satyena śāpayed vipraṃ kṣatriyaṃ vāhana.āyudhaiḥ |
8.113c go.bīja.kāñcanair vaiśyaṃ śūdraṃ sarvais tu pātakaiḥ ||
113 ||
8.114a agniṃ vā-āhārayed enam apsu ca-enaṃ nimajjayet |
8.114c putra.dārasya vā-apy enaṃ śirāṃsi sparśayet pṛthak ||
114 ||
8.115a yam iddho na dahaty agnir āpo na-unmajjayanti ca |
8.115c na ca-ārtim ṛcchati kṣipraṃ sa jñeyaḥ śapathe śuciḥ ||
115 ||
8.116a vatsasya hy abhiśastasya purā bhrātrā yavīyasā |
8.116c na-agnir dadāha roma-api satyena jagataḥ spaśaḥ || 116
||
8.1.4.8. False Testimony
O edn 682, O tr. 1738.117a yasmin yasmin vivāde tu kauṭasākṣyaṃ kṛtaṃ bhavet |
8.117c tat tat kāryaṃ nivarteta kṛtaṃ ca-apy akṛtaṃ bhavet ||
117 ||
8.118a lobhāt-mohād bhayāt-maitrāt kāmāt krodhāt tathā-eva ca
|
8.118c ajñānād bālabhāvāt-ca sākṣyaṃ vitatham ucyate || 118
||
8.119a eṣām anyatame sthāne yaḥ sākṣyam anṛtaṃ vadet |
8.119c tasya daṇḍaviśeṣāṃs tu pravakṣyāmy anupūrvaśaḥ || 119
||
8.1.4.9. Punishment for Perjury
O edn 683, O tr. 1738.120a lobhāt sahasraṃ daṇḍyas tu mohāt pūrvaṃ tu sāhasam |
8.120c bhayād dvau madhyamau daṇḍau maitrāt pūrvaṃ caturguṇam
|| 120 ||
8.121a kāmād daśaguṇaṃ pūrvaṃ krodhāt tu triguṇaṃ param |
8.121c ajñānād dve śate pūrṇe bāliśyāt-śatam eva tu || 121
||
8.122a etān āhuḥ kauṭasākṣye proktān daṇḍān manīṣibhiḥ |
8.122c dharmasya-avyabhicārārtham adharmaniyamāya ca || 122
||
8.123a kauṭasākṣyaṃ tu kurvāṇāṃs trīn varṇān dhārmiko nṛpaḥ
|
8.123c pravāsayed daṇḍayitvā brāhmaṇaṃ tu vivāsayet || 123
||
8.1.4.10. Varieties of Punishment
O edn 683-685, O tr. 173-1748.124a daśa sthānāni daṇḍasya manuḥ svayambhuvo 'bravīt |
8.124c triṣu varṇeṣu yāni syur akṣato brāhmaṇo vrajet || 124
||
8.125a upastham udaraṃ jihvā hastau pādau ca pañcamam |
8.125c cakṣur nāsā ca karṇau ca dhanaṃ dehas tathā-eva ca ||
125 ||
8.126a anubandhaṃ parijñāya deśa.kālau ca tattvataḥ |
8.126c sāra.aparādho ca-ālokya daṇḍaṃ daṇḍyeṣu pātayet || 126
||
8.127a adharmadaṇḍanaṃ loke yaśoghnaṃ kīrtināśanam |
8.127c asvargyaṃ ca paratra-api tasmāt tat parivarjayet || 127
||
8.128a adaṇḍyān daṇḍayan rājā daṇḍyāṃś ca-eva-apy adaṇḍayan
|
8.128c ayaśo mahad āpnoti narakaṃ ca-eva gacchati || 128 ||
8.129a vāgdaṇḍaṃ prathamaṃ kuryād dhigdaṇḍaṃ tadanantaram |
8.129c tṛtīyaṃ dhanadaṇḍaṃ tu vadhadaṇḍam ataḥ param || 129
||
8.130a vadhena-api yadā tv etān nigrahītuṃ na śaknuyāt |
8.130c tadā-eṣu sarvam apy etat prayuñjīta catuṣṭayam || 130
||
8.131a lokasaṃvyavahārārthaṃ yāḥ sañjñāḥ prathitā bhuvi |
8.131c tāmra.rūpya.suvarṇānāṃ tāḥ pravakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ || 131
||
8.1.4.11. Weights
O edn 685-686, O tr. 1748.132a jālāntaragate bhānau yat sūkṣmaṃ dṛśyate rajaḥ |
8.132c prathamaṃ tat pramāṇānāṃ trasareṇuṃ pracakṣate || 132
||
8.133a trasareṇavo 'ṣṭau vijñeyā likṣā-ekā parimāṇataḥ |
8.133c tā rājasarṣapas tisras te trayo gaurasarṣapaḥ || 133
||
8.134a sarṣapāḥ ṣaḍ yavo madhyas triyavaṃ tv ekakṛṣṇalam |
8.134c pañcakṛṣṇalako māṣas te suvarṇas tu ṣoḍaśa || 134 ||
8.135a palaṃ suvarṇāś catvāraḥ palāni dharaṇaṃ daśa |
8.135c dve kṛṣṇale samadhṛte vijñeyo raupyamāṣakaḥ || 135 ||
247
8.136a te ṣoḍaśa syād dharaṇaṃ purāṇaś ca-eva rājataḥ |
8.136c kārṣāpaṇas tu vijñeyas tāmrikaḥ kārṣikaḥ paṇaḥ || 136
||
8.137a dharaṇāni daśa jñeyaḥ śatamānas tu rājataḥ |
8.137c catuḥsauvarṇiko niṣko vijñeyas tu pramāṇataḥ || 137
||
J 164
8.1.4.12. Fines
O edn 686, O tr. 1748.138a paṇānāṃ dve śate sārdhe prathamaḥ sāhasaḥ smṛtaḥ |
8.138c madhyamaḥ pañca vijñeyaḥ sahasraṃ tv eva ca-uttamaḥ ||
138 ||
8.139a ṛṇe deye pratijñāte pañcakaṃ śatam arhati |
8.139c apahnave taddviguṇaṃ tan manor anuśāsanam || 139 ||
8.1.4.13. Rates of Interest-I
O edn 687, O tr. 1748.140a vasiṣṭhavihitāṃ vṛddhiṃ sṛjed vittavivardhinīm |
8.140c aśītibhāgaṃ gṛhṇīyān māsād vārdhuṣikaḥ śate || 140
||
8.141a dvikaṃ śataṃ vā gṛhṇīyāt satāṃ dharmam anusmaran |
8.141c dvikaṃ śataṃ hi gṛhṇāno na bhavaty arthakilbiṣī || 141
||
8.142a dvikaṃ trikaṃ catuṣkaṃ ca pañcakaṃ ca śataṃ samam |
8.142c māsasya vṛddhiṃ gṛhṇīyād varṇānām anupūrvaśaḥ || 142
||
8.143a na tv eva-ādhau sa.upakāre kausīdīṃ vṛddhim āpnuyāt
|
8.143c na ca-ādheḥ kālasaṃrodhāt-nisargo 'sti na vikrayaḥ ||
143 ||
8.144a na bhoktavyo balād ādhir bhuñjāno vṛddhim utsṛjet |
8.144c mūlyena toṣayec ca-enam ādhisteno 'nyathā bhavet || 144
||
8.1.4.14. Pledges
O edn 687-688, O tr. 174-1758.145a ādhiś ca-upanidhiś ca-ubhau na kālātyayam arhataḥ |
8.145c avahāryau bhavetāṃ tau dīrghakālam avasthitau || 145
||
8.146a samprītyā bhujyamānāni na naśyanti kadā cana |
8.146c dhenur uṣṭro vahann aśvo yaś ca damyaḥ prayujyate || 146
||
8.147a yat kiṃ cid daśavarṣāṇi sannidhau prekṣate dhanī |
8.147c bhujyamānaṃ parais tūṣṇīṃ na sa tat-labdhum arhati ||
147 ||
8.148a ajaḍaś ced apogaṇḍo viṣaye ca-asya bhujyate |
8.148c bhagnaṃ tad vyavahāreṇa bhoktā tad dravyam arhati || 148
|| 248
8.149a ādhiḥ sīmā bāladhanaṃ nikṣepa.upanidhiḥ striyaḥ | 249
8.149c rājasvaṃ śrotriyasvaṃ ca na bhogena praṇaśyati || 149
||
8.1.4.15. Rates of Interest-II
O edn 688-690, O tr. 1758.150a yaḥ svāminā-ananujñātam ādhiṃ bhūṅkte 'vicakṣaṇaḥ |
8.150c tena-ardhavṛddhir moktavyā tasya bhogasya niṣkṛtiḥ ||
150 ||
8.151a kusīdavṛddhir dvaiguṇyaṃ na-atyeti sakṛd āhṛtā | 250
8.151c dhānye sade lave vāhye na-atikrāmati pañcatām || 151
||
8.152a kṛtānusārād adhikā vyatiriktā na sidhyati |
8.152c kusīdapatham āhus taṃ pañcakaṃ śatam arhati || 152
||
8.153a na-ati.sāṃvatsarīṃ vṛddhiṃ na ca-adṛṣṭāṃ punar haret |
251
8.153c cakravṛddhiḥ kālavṛddhiḥ kāritā kāyikā ca yā || 153
||
8.154a ṛṇaṃ dātum aśakto yaḥ kartum icchet punaḥ kriyām |
8.154c sa dattvā nirjitāṃ vṛddhiṃ karaṇaṃ parivartayet || 154
||
8.155a a.darśayitvā tatra-eva hiraṇyaṃ parivartayet |
8.155c yāvatī sambhaved vṛddhis tāvatīṃ dātum arhati || 155
||
8.156a cakravṛddhiṃ samārūḍho deśa.kālavyavasthitaḥ |
8.156c atikrāman deśa.kālau na tatphalam avāpnuyāt || 156
||
8.157a samudrayānakuśalā deśa.kāla.arthadarśinaḥ |
8.157c sthāpayanti tu yāṃ vṛddhiṃ sā tatra-adhigamaṃ prati ||
157 ||
J 166
8.1.4.16. Surety
O edn 690-691, O tr. 1758.158a yo yasya pratibhūs tiṣṭhed darśanāya-iha mānavaḥ |
8.158c a.darśayan sa taṃ tasya prayacchet svadhanād ṛṇam || 158
|| 252
8.159a prātibhāvyaṃ vṛthādānam ākṣikaṃ saurikāṃ ca yat |
8.159c daṇḍa.śulkāvaśeṣaṃ ca na putro dātum arhati || 159
||
8.160a darśanaprātibhāvye tu vidhiḥ syāt pūrvacoditaḥ |
8.160c dānapratibhuvi prete dāyādān api dāpayet || 160 ||
8.161a adātari punar dātā vijñātaprakṛtāv ṛṇam |
8.161c paścāt pratibhuvi prete parīpset kena hetunā || 161
||
8.162a nirādiṣṭadhanaś cet tu pratibhūḥ syād alandhanaḥ |
8.162c svadhanād eva tad dadyān nirādiṣṭa iti sthitiḥ || 162
||
8.1.4.17. Validity of Transactions
O edn 691-692, O tr. 175-1768.163a matta.unmatta.ārta.adhyadhīnair bālena sthavireṇa vā
|
8.163c asambaddhakṛtaś ca-eva vyāvahāro na sidhyati || 163
||
8.164a satyā na bhāṣā bhavati yady api syāt pratiṣṭhitā |
8.164c bahiś ced bhāṣyate dharmāt-niyatād vyavahārikāt || 164
||
8.165a yogādhamanavikrītaṃ yogadānapratigraham |
8.165c yatra vā-apy upadhiṃ paśyet tat sarvaṃ vinivartayet ||
165 ||
8.166a grahītā yadi naṣṭaḥ syāt kuṭumbārthe kṛto vyayaḥ | 253
8.166c dātavyaṃ bāndhavais tat syāt pravibhaktair api svataḥ ||
166 ||
8.167a kuṭumbārthe 'dhyadhīno 'pi vyavahāraṃ yam ācaret |
8.167c svadeśe vā videśe vā taṃ jyāyān na vicālayet || 167
||
8.168a balād dattaṃ balād bhuktaṃ balād yac ca-api lekhitam
|
8.168c sarvān balakṛtān arthān akṛtān manur abravīt || 168
||
8.169a trayaḥ parārthe kliśyanti sākṣiṇaḥ pratibhūḥ kulam |
8.169c catvāras tu-upacīyante vipra āḍhyo vaṇiṅ nṛpaḥ || 169
||
8.1.4.18. Impartiality of the King
O edn 692-693, O tr. 1768.170a an.ādeyaṃ na-ādadīta parikṣīṇo 'pi pārthivaḥ |
8.170c na ca-ādeyaṃ samṛddho 'pi sūkṣmam apy artham utsṛjet ||
170 ||
8.171a an.ādeyasya ca-ādānād ādeyasya ca varjanāt |
8.171c daurbalyaṃ khyāpyate rājñaḥ sa pretya-iha ca naśyati ||
171 ||
8.172a svādānād varṇasaṃsargāt tv abalānāṃ ca rakṣaṇāt |
8.172c balaṃ sañjāyate rājñaḥ sa pretya-iha ca vardhate || 172
||
8.173a tasmād yama iva svāmī svayaṃ hitvā priya.apriye |
8.173c varteta yāmyayā vṛttyā jita.krodho jita.indriyaḥ || 173
||
8.174a yas tv adharmeṇa kāryāṇi mohāt kuryān narādhipaḥ |
8.174c acirāt taṃ dur.ātmānaṃ vaśe kurvanti śatravaḥ || 174
||
8.175a kāma.krodhau tu saṃyamya yo 'rthān dharmeṇa paśyati
|
8.175c prajās tam anuvartante samudram iva sindhavaḥ || 175
||
8.1.4.19. Recovery of Debt
O edn 693-694, O tr. 1768.176a yaḥ sādhayantaṃ chandena vedayed dhanikaṃ nṛpe |
8.176c sa rājñā tat-caturbhāgaṃ dāpyas tasya ca tad dhanam ||
176 ||
8.177a karmaṇā-api samaṃ kuryād dhanikāya-adhamarṇikaḥ |
8.177c samo 'vakṛṣṭajātis tu dadyāt-śreyāṃs tu tat- śanaiḥ ||
177 ||
8.1.5. Grounds for Litigation-II Deposits
O edn 694-697, O tr. 176-1778.179a kulaje vṛttasampanne dharmajñe satyavādini |
8.179c mahāpakṣe dhaniny ārye nikṣepaṃ nikṣiped budhaḥ || 179
||
8.180a yo yathā nikṣipedd haste yam arthaṃ yasya mānavaḥ |
8.180c sa tathā-eva grahītavyo yathā dāyas tathā grahaḥ || 180
||
8.181a yo nikṣepaṃ yācyamāno nikṣeptur na prayacchati |
8.181c sa yācyaḥ prāḍvivākena tat-nikṣeptur asannidhau || 181
||
8.182a sākṣi.abhāve praṇidhibhir vayo.rūpa.samanvitaiḥ |
8.182c apadeśaiś ca sannyasya hiraṇyaṃ tasya tattvataḥ || 182
||
8.183a sa yadi pratipadyeta yathānyastaṃ yathākṛtam |
8.183c na tatra vidyate kiṃ cid yat parair abhiyujyate || 183
||
8.184a teṣāṃ na dadyād yadi tu tadd hiraṇyaṃ yathāvidhi |
8.184c ubhau nigṛhya dāpyaḥ syād iti dharmasya dhāraṇā || 184 ||
254
8.185a nikṣepa.upanidhī nityaṃ na deyau pratyanantare |
8.185c naśyato vinipāte tāv anipāte tv anāśinau || 185 ||
8.186a svayam eva tu yau dadyān mṛtasya pratyanantare |
8.186c na sa rājñā-abhiyoktavyo na nikṣeptuś ca bandhubhiḥ || 186
||
8.187a acchalena-eva ca-anvicchet tam arthaṃ prītipūrvakam |
8.187c vicārya tasya vā vṛttaṃ sāmnā-eva parisādhayet || 187 ||
8.188a nikṣepeṣv eṣu sarveṣu vidhiḥ syāt parisādhane |
8.188c sa.mudre na-āpnuyāt kiṃ cid yadi tasmān na saṃharet || 188
||
8.189a caurair hṛtaṃ jalena-ūḍham agninā dagdham eva vā |
8.189c na dadyād yadi tasmāt sa na saṃharati kiṃ cana || 189 ||
8.190a nikṣepasya-apahartāram anikṣeptāram eva ca |
8.190c sarvair upāyair anvicchet-śapathaiś ca-eva vaidikaiḥ || 190
||
8.191a yo nikṣepaṃ na-arpayati yaś ca-a.nikṣipya yācate |
8.191c tāv ubhau cauravat-śāsyau dāpyau vā tatsamaṃ damam || 191
||
8.192a nikṣepasya-apahartāraṃ tatsamaṃ dāpayed damam |
8.192c tathā-upanidhihartāram aviśeṣeṇa pārthivaḥ || 192 ||
8.193a upadhābhiś ca yaḥ kaś cit paradravyaṃ haren naraḥ |
8.193c sa.sahāyaḥ sa hantavyaḥ prakāśaṃ vividhair vadhaiḥ || 193
||
8.194a nikṣepo yaḥ kṛto yena yāvāṃś ca kulasannidhau |
8.194c tāvān eva sa vijñeyo vibruvan daṇḍam arhati || 194 ||
8.195a mitho dāyaḥ kṛto yena gṛhīto mitha eva vā |
8.195c mitha eva pradātavyo yathā dāyas tathā grahaḥ || 195 ||
8.196a nikṣiptasya dhanasya-evaṃ prītyā-upanihitasya ca |
8.196c rājā vinirṇayaṃ kuryād akṣiṇvan nyāsadhāriṇam || 196 ||
8.1.6. Grounds for Litigation-III Sale Without Ownership
O edn 697-699, O tr. 177-1788.197a vikrīṇīte parasya svaṃ yo 'svāmī svāmyasammataḥ |
8.197c na taṃ nayeta sākṣyaṃ tu stenam astenamāninam || 197 ||
8.198a avahāryo bhavet-ca-eva sa.anvayaḥ ṣaṭśataṃ damam |
8.198c nir.anvayo 'n.apasaraḥ prāptaḥ syāc caurakilbiṣam || 198
||
8.199a asvāminā kṛto yas tu dāyo vikraya eva vā |
8.199c akṛtaḥ sa tu vijñeyo vyavahāre yathā sthitiḥ || 199 ||
8.200a sambhogo dṛśyate yatra na dṛśyeta-āgamaḥ kva cit |
8.200c āgamaḥ kāraṇaṃ tatra na sambhoga iti sthitiḥ || 200 ||
8.201a vikrayād yo dhanaṃ kiṃ cid gṛhṇīyat kulasannidhau |
8.201c krayeṇa sa viśuddhaṃ hi nyāyato labhate dhanam || 201 ||
8.202a atha mūlam anāhāryaṃ prakāśakrayaśodhitaḥ |
8.202c adaṇḍyo mucyate rājñā nāṣṭiko labhate dhanam || 202 ||
8.1.6.1. Fraudulent Sales
O edn 699, O tr. 1788.203a na-anyad anyena saṃsṛṣṭarūpaṃ vikrayam arhati |
8.203c na ca-a.sāraṃ na ca nyūnaṃ na dūreṇa tirohitam || 203 ||
255
8.204a anyāṃ ced darśayitvā-anyā voḍhuḥ kanyā pradīyate |
8.204c ubhe ta ekaśulkena vahed ity abravīn manuḥ || 204 ||
8.205a na-unmattāyā na kuṣṭhinyā na ca yā spṛṣṭa.maithunā |
8.205c pūrvaṃ doṣān abhikhyāpya pradātā daṇḍam arhati || 205
||
8.1.7. Grounds for Litigation-IV Partnerships
O edn 700-701, O tr. 1788.206a ṛtvig yadi vṛto yajñe svakarma parihāpayet |
8.206c tasya karmānurūpeṇa deyo 'ṃśaḥ sahakartṛbhiḥ || 206 ||
8.207a dakṣiṇāsu ca dattāsu svakarma parihāpayan |
8.207c kṛtsnam eva labheta-aṃśam anyena-eva ca kārayet || 207
||
8.208a yasmin karmaṇi yās tu syur uktāḥ pratyaṅgadakṣiṇāḥ |
8.208c sa eva tā ādidīta bhajeran sarva eva vā || 208 ||
8.209a rathaṃ haret ca-adhvaryur brahmā-ādhāne ca vājinam |
8.209c hotā vā-api hared aśvam udgātā ca-apy anaḥ kraye || 209
||
8.210a sarveṣām ardhino mukhyās tadardhena-ardhino 'pare |
8.210c tṛtīyinas tṛtīyāṃśāś caturthāṃśāś ca pādinaḥ || 210 ||
8.211a sambhūya svāni karmāṇi kurvadbhir iha mānavaiḥ |
8.211c anena vidhiyogena kartavyā-aṃśaprakalpanā || 211 ||
8.1.8. Grounds for Litigation-V Non-delivery of Gifts
O edn 701, O tr. 1788.212a dharmārthaṃ yena dattaṃ syāt kasmai cid yācate dhanam |
8.212c paścāc ca na tathā tat syān na deyaṃ tasya tad bhavet || 212
||
8.213a yadi saṃsādhayet tat tu darpāt-lobhena vā punaḥ |
8.213c rājñā dāpyaḥ suvarṇaṃ syāt tasya steyasya niṣkṛtiḥ || 213
||
8.214a dattasya-eṣā-uditā dharmyā yathāvad anapakriyā |
8.214c ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi vetanasya-anapakriyām || 214 ||
8.1.9. Grounds for Litigation-VI Non-payment of Wages
O edn 702, O tr. 178-1798.215a bhṛto na-ārto na kuryād yo darpāt karma yathāa.uditam |
256
8.215c sa daṇḍyaḥ kṛṣṇalāny aṣṭau na deyaṃ ca-asya vetanam || 215
||
8.216a ārtas tu kuryāt svasthaḥ san yathābhāṣitam āditaḥ |
8.216c sa dīrghasya-api kālasya tat-labheta(-eva vetanam || 216
||
8.217a yathā.uktam ārtaḥ sustho vā yas tat karma na kārayet |
8.217c na tasya vetanaṃ deyam alpa.ūnasya-api karmaṇaḥ || 217
||
8.218a eṣa dharmo 'khilena-ukto vetanādānakarmaṇaḥ |
8.218c ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi dharmaṃ samayabhedinām || 218 ||
8.1.10. Grounds for Litigation-VII Breach of Contract
O edn 702-703, O tr. 1798.219a yo grāma.deśa.saṅghānāṃ kṛtvā satyena saṃvidam |
8.219c visaṃvaden naro lobhāt taṃ rāṣṭrād vipravāsayet || 219
||
8.220a nigṛhya dāpayec ca-enaṃ samayavyabhicāriṇam |
8.220c catuḥsuvarṇān ṣaṇniṣkāṃś-śatamānaṃ ca rājakam || 220 ||
8.221a etad daṇḍavidhiṃ kuryād dhārmikaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ |
8.221c grāma.jāti.samūheṣu samayavyabhicāriṇām || 221 ||
8.1.11. Grounds for Litigation-VIII Cancellation of Sale or Purchase
O edn 703-704, O tr. 1798.222a krītvā vikrīya vā kiṃ cid yasya-ihānuśayo bhavet |
8.222c so 'ntar daśāhāt tad dravyaṃ dadyāc ca-evādadīta vā || 222
||
8.223a pareṇa tu daśāhasya na dadyān nāpi dāpayet |
8.223c ādadāno dadat ca-eva rājñā daṇḍyau śatāni ṣaṭ || 223 ||
8.224a yas tu doṣavatīṃ kanyām anākhyāya prayacchati |
8.224c tasya kuryān nṛpo daṇḍaṃ svayaṃ ṣaṇṇavatiṃ paṇān || 224
||
8.225a akanyā-iti tu yaḥ kanyāṃ brūyād dveṣeṇa mānavaḥ |
8.225c sa śataṃ prāpnuyād daṇḍaṃ tasyā doṣam adarśayan || 225
||
8.226a pāṇigrahaṇikā mantrāḥ kanyāsv eva pratiṣṭhitāḥ |
8.226c na-akanyāsu kva cin nṝṇāṃ lupta.dharmakriyā hi tāḥ || 226
||
8.227a pāṇigrahaṇikā mantrā niyataṃ dāralakṣaṇam |
8.227c teṣāṃ niṣṭhā tu vijñeyā vidvadbhiḥ saptame pade || 227
||
8.228a yasmin yasmin kṛte kārye yasya-ihānuśayo bhavet |
8.228c tam anena vidhānena dharmye pathi niveśayet || 228 ||
8.1.12. Grounds for Litigation-IX Disputes between Owners and Herdsmen
O edn 704-708, O tr. 179-1808.229a paśuṣu svāmināṃ ca-eva pālānāṃ ca vyatikrame |
8.229c vivādaṃ sampravakṣyāmi yathāvad dharmatattvataḥ || 229
||
8.1.12.1. Safety of Herd
O edn 704-706, O tr. 179-1808.230a divā vaktavyatā pāle rātrau svāmini tadgṛhe |
8.230c yogakṣeme 'nyathā cet tu pālo vaktavyatām iyāt || 230
||
8.231a gopaḥ kṣīrabhṛto yas tu sa duhyād daśato varām |
8.231c gosvāmyanumate bhṛtyaḥ sā syāt pāle 'bhṛte bhṛtiḥ || 231
||
8.232a naṣṭaṃ vinaṣṭaṃ kṛmibhiḥ śvahataṃ viṣame mṛtam |
8.232c hīnaṃ puruṣakāreṇa pradadyāt pāla eva tu || 232 ||
8.233a vighuṣya tu hṛtaṃ caurair na pālo dātum arhati |
8.233c yadi deśe ca kāle ca svāminaḥ svasya śaṃsati || 233
||
8.234a karṇau carma ca vālāṃś ca bastiṃ snāyuṃ ca rocanām |
8.234c paśuṣu svāmināṃ dadyān mṛteṣv aṅkāni darśayet || 234 ||
257
8.235a aja.avike tu saṃruddhe vṛkaiḥ pāle tv an.āyati |
8.235c yāṃ prasahya vṛko hanyāt pāle tat kilbiṣaṃ bhavet || 235
||
8.236a tāsāṃ ced avaruddhānāṃ carantīnāṃ mitho vane |
8.236c yām utplutya vṛko hanyān na pālas tatra kilbiṣī || 236
||
8.1.12.2. Damage to Crops
O edn 706-708, O tr. 1808.237a dhanuḥśataṃ parīhāro grāmasya syāt samantataḥ |
8.237c śamyāpātās trayo vā-api triguṇo nagarasya tu || 237
||
8.238a tatra-aparivṛtaṃ dhānyaṃ vihiṃsyuḥ paśavo yadi |
8.238c na tatra praṇayed daṇḍaṃ nṛpatiḥ paśurakṣiṇām || 238
||
8.239a vṛtiṃ tatra prakurvīta yām uṣtro na vilokayet |
8.239c chidraṃ ca vārayet sarvaṃ śva.sūkaramukhānugam || 239
||
8.240a pathi kṣetre parivṛte grāmāntīye 'tha vā punaḥ |
8.240c sa.pālaḥ śatadaṇḍa.arho vipālān vārayet paśūn || 240
||
8.241a kṣetreṣv anyeṣu tu paśuḥ sa.pādaṃ paṇam arhati |
8.241c sarvatra tu sado deyaḥ kṣetrikasya-iti dhāraṇā || 241
||
8.242a a.nirdaśāhāṃ gāṃ sūtāṃ vṛṣān devapaśūṃs tathā |
8.242c sa.pālān vā vi.pālān vā na daṇḍyān manur abravīt || 242
||
8.243a kṣetriyasya-atyaye daṇḍo bhāgād daśaguṇo bhavet | 258
8.243c tato 'rdhadaṇḍo bhṛtyānām ajñānāt kṣetrikasya tu || 243
||
8.244a etad vidhānam ātiṣṭhed dhārmikaḥ pṛthivīpatiḥ |
8.244c svāmināṃ ca paśūnāṃ ca pālānāṃ ca vyatikrame || 244
||
8.1.13. Grounds for Litigation-X Boundary Disputes
O edn 708-712, O tr. 180-1818.245a sīmāṃ prati samutpanne vivāde grāmayor dvayoḥ |
8.245c jyeṣṭhe māsi nayet sīmāṃ su.prakāśeṣu setuṣu || 245 ||
8.1.13.1. Boundary Markers
O edn 708-709, O tr. 180-1818.246a sīṃāvṛkṣāṃś ca kurvīta nyagrodha.aśvattha.kiṃśukān |
8.246c śālmalīn sālatālāṃś ca kṣīriṇaś ca-eva pādapān || 246
||
8.247a gulmān veṇūṃś ca vividhān śamī.vallī.sthalāni ca |
8.247c śarān kubjakagulmāṃś ca tathā sīmā na naśyati || 247
||
8.248a[M250a] taḍāgāny udapānāni vāpyaḥ prasravaṇāni ca |
8.248c[M250c] sīmāsandhiṣu kāryāṇi devatāyatanāni ca || 248
||
8.249a upachannāni cānyāni sīmāliṅgāni kārayet |
8.249c sīmājñāne nṛṇāṃ vīkṣya nityaṃ loke viparyayam || 249
||
8.250a[M248a] aśmano 'sthīni govālāṃs tuṣān bhasma kapālikāḥ
|
8.250c[M248c] karīṣam iṣṭakā.aṅgārāṃś-śarkarā vālukās tathā ||
250 ||
8.251a yāni ca-evamprakārāṇi kālād bhūmir na bhakṣayet |
8.251c tāni sandhiṣu sīmāyām a.prakāśāni kārayet || 251 ||
259
8.1.13.2. Settling Boundary Disputes
O edn 709-712, O tr. 1818.252a etair liṅgair nayet sīmāṃ rājā vivadamānayoḥ |
8.252c pūrvabhuktyā ca satatam udakasya-āgamena ca || 252
||
8.253a yadi sṃśaya eva syāt-liṅgānām api darśane |
8.253c sākṣipratyaya eva syāt sīmāvādavinirṇayaḥ || 253 ||
260
8.254a grāmīyaka.kulānāṃ ca samakṣaṃ sīmni sākṣiṇaḥ | 261
8.254c praṣṭavyāḥ sīmaliṅgāni tayoś ca-eva vivādinoḥ || 254 ||
262
8.255a te pṛṣtās tu yathā brūyuḥ samastāḥ sīmni niścayam |
8.255c nibadhnīyāt tathā sīmāṃ sarvāṃs tāṃś ca-eva nāmataḥ ||
255 ||
8.256a śirobhis te gṛhītvā-urvīṃ sragviṇo rakta.vāsasaḥ |
8.256c sukṛtaiḥ śāpithāḥ svaiḥ svair nayeyus te samañjasam ||
256 ||
8.257a yathā.uktena nayantas te pūyante satyasākṣiṇaḥ |
8.257c viparītaṃ nayantas tu dāpyāḥ syur dviśataṃ damam || 257
||
8.258a sākṣyabhāve tu catvāro grāmāḥ sāmantavāsinaḥ | 263
8.258c sīmāvinirṇayaṃ kuryuḥ prayatā rājasannidhau || 258
||
8.259a sāmantānām abhāve tu maulānāṃ sīmni sākṣiṇām |
8.259c imān apy anuyuñjīta puruṣān vana.gocarān || 259 ||
8.260a vyādhān-śākunikān gopān kaivartān mūlakhānakān |
8.260c vyālagrāhān uñchavṛttīn anyāṃś ca vanacāriṇaḥ || 260
||
8.261a te pṛṣṭās tu yathā brūyuḥ sīmāsandhiṣu lakṣaṇam |
8.261c tat tathā sthāpayed rājā dharmeṇa grāmayor dvayoḥ || 261
||
8.262a kṣetra.kūpa.taḍāgānām ārāmasya gṛhasya ca |
8.262c sāmantapratyayo jñeyaḥ sīmāsetuvinirṇayaḥ || 262 ||
8.263a sāmantāś cet-mṛṣā brūyuḥ setau vivādatāṃ nṛṇām |
8.263c sarve pṛthak pṛthag daṇḍyā rājñā madhyamasāhasam || 263
||
8.264a gṛhaṃ taḍāgam ārāmaṃ kṣetraṃ vā bhīṣayā haran |
8.264c śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syād ajñānād dviśato damaḥ || 264
||
8.265a sīmāyām a.viṣahyāyāṃ svayaṃ rājā-eva dharmavit |
8.265c pradiśed bhūmim ekeṣām upakārād iti sthitiḥ || 265
||
8.266a eṣo 'khilena-abhihito dharmaḥ sīmāvinirṇaye |
8.266c ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi vākpāruṣyavinirṇayam || 266
||
8.1.14. Grounds for Litigation-XI Verbal Assault
O edn 712-715, O tr. 181-1828.267a śataṃ brāhmaṇam ākruśya kṣatriyo daṇḍam arhati |
8.267c vaiśyo 'py ardhaśataṃ dve vā śūdras tu vadham arhati || 267
||
8.268a pañcāśad brāhmaṇo daṇḍyaḥ kṣatriyasya-abhiśaṃsane |
8.268c vaiśye syād ardhapañcāśat-śūdre dvādaśako damaḥ || 268
||
8.269a samavarṇe dvijātīnāṃ dvādaśa-eva vyatikrame |
8.269c vādeṣv a.vacanīyeṣu tad eva dviguṇaṃ bhavet || 269 ||
8.270a ekajātir dvijātīṃs tu vācā dāruṇayā kṣipan |
8.270c jihvāyāḥ prāpnuyāc chedaṃ jaghanya.prabhavo hi saḥ || 270
||
8.271a nāma.jātigrahaṃ tv eṣām abhidroheṇa kurvataḥ |
8.271c nikṣepyo 'yomayaḥ śaṅkur jvalann āsye daśāṅgulaḥ || 271
||
8.272a dharma.upadeśaṃ darpeṇa viprāṇām asya kurvataḥ |
8.272c taptam āsecayet tailaṃ vaktre śrotre ca pārthivaḥ || 272 ||
264
8.273a śrutaṃ deśaṃ ca jātiṃ ca karma śarīram eva ca |
8.273c vitathena bruvan darpād dāpyaḥ syād dviśataṃ damam || 273
||
8.274a kāṇaṃ vā-apy atha vā khañjam anyaṃ vā-api tathāvidham |
8.274c tathyena-api bruvan dāpyo daṇḍaṃ kārṣāpaṇa.avaram || 274
||
8.275a mātaraṃ pitaraṃ jāyāṃ bhrātaraṃ tanayaṃ gurum |
8.275c ākṣārayan-śataṃ dāpyaḥ panthānaṃ ca-adadad guroḥ || 275
||
8.276a brāhmaṇa.kṣatriyābhyāṃ tu daṇḍaḥ kāryo vijānatā |
8.276c brāhmaṇe sāhasaḥ pūrvaḥ kṣatriye tv eva madhyamaḥ || 276
||
8.277a viś.śūdrayor evam eva svajātiṃ prati tattvataḥ |
8.277c cheda.varjaṃ praṇayanaṃ daṇḍasya-iti viniścayaḥ || 277
||
8.278a eṣa daṇḍavidhiḥ prokto vākpāruṣyasya tattvataḥ |
8.278c ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi daṇḍapāruṣyanirṇayam || 278 ||
8.1.15. Grounds for Litigation-XII Physical Assault
O edn 715-720, O tr. 182-1838.1.15.1. Personal Injury
O edn 715-717, O tr. 1828.279a yena kena cid aṅgena hiṃsyāc cet-śreṣṭham antyajaḥ |
8.279c chettavyaṃ tad tad eva-asya tan manor anuśāsanam || 279
||
8.280a pāṇim udyamya daṇḍaṃ vā pāṇicchedanam arhati |
8.280c pādena praharan kopāt pādacchedanam arhati || 280 ||
8.281a sahāsanam abhiprepsur utkṛṣṭasya-apakṛṣṭajaḥ |
8.281c kaṭyāṃ kṛta.aṅko nirvāsyaḥ sphicaṃ vā-asya-avakartayet
|| 281 ||
8.282a avaniṣṭhīvato darpād dvāv oṣṭhau chedayen nṛpaḥ |
8.282c avamūtrayato meḍhram avaśardhayato gudam || 282 ||
8.283a keśeṣu gṛhṇato hastau chedayed avicārayan |
8.283c pādayor dāḍhikāyāṃ ca grīvāyāṃ vṛṣaṇeṣu ca || 283 ||
8.284a tvagbhedakaḥ śataṃ daṇḍyo lohitasya ca darśakaḥ |
8.284c māṃsabhettā tu ṣaṭ.niṣkān pravāsyas tv asthibhedakaḥ ||
284 ||
8.285a vanaspatīnāṃ sarveṣām upabhogo yathā yathā |
8.285c yathā tathā damaḥ kāryo hiṃsāyām iti dhāraṇā || 285
||
8.286a manuṣyāṇāṃ paśūnāṃ ca duḥkhāya prahṛte sati |
8.286c yathā yathā mahad duḥkhaṃ daṇḍaṃ kuryāt tathā tathā ||
286 ||
8.287a aṅgāvapīḍanāyāṃ ca vraṇa.śonitayos tathā | 265
8.287c samutthānavyayaṃ dāpyaḥ sarvadaṇḍam atha-api vā || 287
||
J 179
8.1.15.2. Damage to Property
O edn 717, O tr. 182-1838.288a dravyāṇi hiṃsyād yo yasya jñānato 'jñānato 'pi vā |
8.288c sa tasya-utpādayet tuṣṭiṃ rājñe dadyāc ca tatsamam ||
288 ||
8.289a carma.cārmikabhāṇḍeṣu kāṣṭha.loṣṭamayeṣu |
8.289c mūlyāt pañcaguṇo daṇḍaḥ puṣpa.mūla.phaleṣu ca || 289
||
8.1.15.3. Injuries Caused by Vehicles
O edn 717-719, O tr. 1838.290a yānasya ca-eva yātuś ca yānasvāmina eva ca |
8.290c daśātivartanāny āhuḥ śeṣe daṇḍo vidhīyate || 290 ||
8.291a chinna.nāsye bhagna.yuge tiryak.pratimukha.āgate |
8.291c akṣa.bhaṅge ca yānasya cakra.bhaṅge tathā-eva ca || 291
||
8.292a chedane ca-eva yantrāṇāṃ yoktra.raśmyos tathā-eva ca
|
8.292c ākrande ca-apy apaihi-iti na daṇḍaṃ manur abravīt || 292
||
8.293a yatra-apavartate yugyaṃ vaiguṇyāt prājakasya tu |
8.293c tatra svāmī bhaved daṇḍyo hiṃsāyāṃ dviśataṃ damam || 293
||
8.294a prājakaś ced bhaved āptaḥ prājako daṇḍam arhati |
8.294c yugyasthāḥ prājake 'nāpte sarve daṇḍyāḥ śataṃ śatam ||
294 ||
8.295a sa cet tu pathi saṃruddhaḥ paśubhir vā rathena vā |
8.295c pramāpayet prāṇabhṛtas tatra daṇḍo 'vicāritaḥ || 295
||
8.296a manuṣyamāraṇe kṣipraṃ cauravat kilbiṣaṃ bhavet |
8.296c prāṇabhṛtsu mahatsv ardhaṃ go.gaja.uṣṭra.hayādiṣu || 296
||
8.297a kṣudrakāṇāṃ paśūnāṃ tu hiṃsāyāṃ dviśato damaḥ |
8.297c pañcāśat tu bhaved daṇḍaḥ śubheṣu mṛgapakṣiṣu || 297
||
8.298a gardhabha.aja.āvikānāṃ tu daṇḍaḥ syāt pañcamāṣikaḥ |
266
8.298c māṣikas tu bhaved daṇḍaḥ śva.sūkaranipātane || 298
||
8.1.15.4. Corporal Punishment
O edn 719-720, O tr. 1838.299a bhāryā putraś ca dāsaś ca preṣyo bhrātrā ca sa.udaraḥ
|
8.299c prāpta.aparādhās tāḍyāḥ syū rajjvā veṇudalena vā || 299
||
8.300a pṛṣṭhatas tu śarīrasya na-uttamāṅge kathaṃ cana |
8.300c ato 'nyathā tu praharan prāptaḥ syāc caurakilbiṣam ||
300 ||
8.301a eṣo 'khilena-abhihito daṇḍapāruṣyanirṇayaḥ |
8.301c stenasya-ataḥ pravakṣyāmi vidhiṃ daṇḍavinirṇaye || 301
||
8.1.16. Grounds for Litigation-XIII Theft
O edn 720-728, O tr. 183-1858.1.16.1. Suppression of Thieves
O edn 720, O tr. 1838.302a paramaṃ yatnam ātiṣṭhet stenānāṃ nigrahe nṛpaḥ |
8.302c stenānāṃ nigrahād asya yaśo rāṣṭraṃ ca vardhate || 302
||
8.303a abhayasya hi yo dātā sa pūjyaḥ satataṃ nṛpaḥ |
8.303c sattraṃ hi vardhate tasya sadā-eva-abhaya.dakṣiṇam ||
303 ||
8.1.16.2. Obligation to Offer Protection
O edn 720-722, O tr. 183-1848.304a sarvato dharmaṣaḍbhāgo rājño bhavati rakṣataḥ |
8.304c adharmād api ṣaḍbhāgo bhavaty asya hy a.rakṣataḥ || 304
||
8.305a yad adhīte yad yajate yad dadāti yad arcati |
8.305c tasya ṣaḍbhāgabhāg rājā samyag bhavati rakṣaṇāt || 305
||
8.306a rakṣan dharmeṇa bhūtāni rājā vadhyāṃś ca ghātayan |
8.306c yajate 'har ahar yajñaiḥ sahasraśata.dakṣiṇaiḥ || 306
||
8.307a yo '.rakṣan balim ādatte karaṃ śulkaṃ ca pārthivaḥ |
8.307c pratibhāgaṃ ca daṇḍaṃ ca sa sadyo narakaṃ vrajet || 307
||
8.308a arakṣitāram rājānaṃ baliṣaḍbhāga.hāriṇam | 267
8.308c tam āhuḥ sarvalokasya samagramala.hārakam || 308 ||
8.309a anapekṣita.maryādaṃ nāstikaṃ vipralumpakam | 268
8.309c arakṣitāram attāraṃ nṛpaṃ vidyād adho.gatim || 309
||
8.310a adhārmikaṃ tribhir nyāyair nigṛhṇīyāt prayatnataḥ |
8.310c nirodhanena bandhena vividhena vadhena ca || 310 ||
8.311a nigraheṇa hi pāpānāṃ sādhūnāṃ saṅgraheṇa ca |
8.311c dvijātaya iva-ijyābhiḥ pūyante satataṃ nṛpāḥ || 311
||
8.312a kṣantavyaṃ prabhuṇā nityaṃ kṣipatāṃ kāryiṇāṃ nṛṇām |
8.312c bāla.vṛddha.āturāṇāṃ ca kurvatā hitam ātmanaḥ || 312
||
8.313a yaḥ kṣipto marṣayaty ārtais tena svarge mahīyate |
8.313c yas tv aiśvaryān na kṣamate narakaṃ tena gacchati || 313
||
8.1.16.3. Punishment of Thieves
O edn 722-728, O tr. 184-1858.314a rājā stenena gantavyo mukta.keśena dhāvatā | 269
8.314c ācakṣāṇena tat steyam evaṅkarmā-asmi śādhi mām || 314
||
8.315a skandhena-ādāya musalaṃ laguḍaṃ vā-api khādiram | 270
8.315c śaktiṃ ca-ubhayatas tīkṣṇām āyasaṃ daṇḍam eva vā || 315
||
8.316a śāsanād vā vimokṣād vā stenaḥ steyād vimucyate |
8.316c a.śāsitvā tu taṃ rājā stenasya-āpnoti kilbiṣam || 316
||
8.317a annāde bhrūṇahā mārṣṭi patyau bhāryā-apacāriṇī |
8.317c gurau śiṣyaś ca yājyaś ca steno rājani kilbiṣam || 317
||
8.318a rājabhiḥ kṛtadaṇḍās tu kṛtvā pāpāni mānavāḥ | 271
8.318c nir.malāḥ svargam āyānti santaḥ sukṛtino yathā || 318
||
8.319a yas tu rajjuṃ ghaṭaṃ kūpādd hared bhindyāc ca yaḥ prapām
|
8.319c sa daṇḍaṃ prāpnuyān māṣaṃ tac ca tasmin samāharet || 319
||
8.320a dhānyaṃ daśabhyaḥ kumbhebhyo harato 'bhyadhikaṃ vadhaḥ
|
8.320c śeṣe 'py ekādaśaguṇaṃ dāpyas tasya ca tad dhanam || 320
||
8.321a tathā dharimameyānāṃ śatād abhyadhike vadhaḥ |
8.321c suvarṇa.rajatādīnām uttamānāṃ ca vāsasām || 321 ||
8.322a pañcāśatas tv abhyadhike hastacchedanam iṣyate |
8.322c śeṣe tv ekādaśaguṇaṃ mūlyād daṇḍaṃ prakalpayet || 322
||
8.323a puruṣāṇāṃ kulīnānāṃ nārīṇāṃ ca viśeṣataḥ |
8.323c mukhyānāṃ ca-eva ratnānāṃ haraṇe vadham arhati || 323
||
8.324a mahāpaśūnāṃ haraṇe śastrāṇām auṣadhasya ca |
8.324c kālam āsādya kāryaṃ ca daṇḍaṃ rājā prakalpayet || 324
||
8.325a goṣu brāhmaṇasaṃsthāsu churikāyāś ca bhedane | 272
8.325c paśūnāṃ haraṇe ca-eva sadyaḥ kāryo 'rdhapādikaḥ || 325
||
8.326a sūtra.kārpāsa.kiṇvānāṃ gomayasya guḍasya ca |
8.326c dadhnaḥ kṣīrasya takrasya pānīyasya tṛṇasya ca || 326
||
8.327a veṇuvaidalabhāṇḍānāṃ lavaṇānāṃ tathā-eva ca |
8.327c mṛṇmayānāṃ ca haraṇe mṛdo bhasmana eva ca || 327 ||
8.328a matsyānāṃ pakṣiṇāṃ ca-eva tailasya ca ghṛtasya ca |
8.328c māṃsasya madhunaś ca-eva yac ca-anyat paśu.sambhavam ||
328 ||
8.329a anyeṣāṃ ca-evam.ādīnāṃ madyānām odanasya ca | 273
8.329c pakvānnānāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ tanmulyād dviguṇo damaḥ || 329
||
8.330a puṣpeṣu harite dhānye gulma.vallī.nageṣu ca |
8.330c anyeṣv a.paripūteṣu daṇḍaḥ syāt pañcakṛṣṇalaḥ || 330
||
8.331a paripūteṣu dhānyeṣu śāka.mūla.phaleṣu ca |
8.331c niranvaye śataṃ daṇḍaḥ sānvaye 'rdhaśataṃ damaḥ || 331
||
8.332a syāt sāhasaṃ tv anvayavat prasabhaṃ karma yat kṛtam
|
8.332c niranvayaṃ bhavet steyaṃ hṛtvā-apavyayate ca yat || 332
||
8.333a yas tv etāny upakḷptāni dravyāṇi stenayen naraḥ |
8.333c tam ādyaṃ daṇḍayed rājā yaś cāgniṃ corayed gṛhāt || 333
|| 274
8.334a yena yena yathāṅgena steno nṛṣu viceṣṭate |
8.334c tat tad eva haret tasya pratyādeśāya pārthivaḥ || 334
||
8.335a pitā-ācāryaḥ suhṛt-mātā bhāryā putraḥ purohitaḥ |
8.335c na-adaṇḍyo nāma rājño 'sti yaḥ svadharme na tiṣṭhati ||
335 ||
8.336a kārṣāpaṇaṃ bhaved daṇḍyo yatra-anyaḥ prākṛto janaḥ |
8.336c tatra rājā bhaved daṇḍyaḥ sahasram iti dhāraṇā || 336
||
8.337a aṣṭāpādyaṃ tu śūdrasya steye bhavati kilbiṣam |
8.337c ṣoḍaśa-eva tu vaiśyasya dvātriṃśat kṣatriyasya ca || 337
||
8.338a brāhmaṇasya catuḥṣaṣṭiḥ pūrṇaṃ vā-api śataṃ bhavet |
8.338c dviguṇā vā catuḥṣaṣṭis taddoṣaguṇavidd hi saḥ || 338
||
8.339a vānaspatyaṃ mūla.phalaṃ dāru-agny.arthaṃ tathā-eva ca
|
8.339c tṛṇaṃ ca gobhyo grāsa.artham asteyaṃ manur abravīt ||
339 ||
8.340a yo 'dattādāyino hastāt-lipseta brāhmaṇo dhanam |
8.340c yājana.adhyāpanena-api yathā stenas tathā-eva saḥ || 340
||
8.341a dvijo 'dhvagaḥ kṣīṇa.vṛttir dvāv ikṣū dve ca mūlake
|
8.341c ādadānaḥ parakṣetrāt-na daṇḍaṃ dātum arhati || 341
||
8.342a a.sanditānāṃ sandātā sanditānāṃ ca mokṣakaḥ |
8.342c dāsa.aśva.rathahartā ca prāptaḥ syāc corakilbiṣam || 342
||
8.343a anena vidhinā rājā kurvāṇaḥ stenanigraham |
8.343c yaśo 'smin prāpnuyāt-loke pretya ca-anuttamaṃ sukham ||
343 ||
8.1.17. Grounds for Litigation-XIV Violence
O edn 728-729, O tr. 185-1868.344a aindraṃ sthānam abhiprepsur yaśaś ca-akṣayam avyayam |
8.344c na-upekṣeta kṣaṇam api rājā sāhasikaṃ naram || 344 ||
8.345a vāgduṣṭāt taskarāc ca-eva daṇḍena-eva ca hiṃsataḥ |
8.345c sāhasasya naraḥ kartā vijñeyaḥ pāpakṛttamaḥ || 345 ||
8.346a sāhase vartamānaṃ tu yo marṣayati pārthivaḥ |
8.346c sa vināśaṃ vrajaty āśu vidveṣaṃ ca-adhigacchati || 346
||
8.347a na mitrakāraṇād rājā vipulād vā dhanāgamāt |
8.347c samutsṛjet sāhasikān sarvabhūtabhayāvahān || 347 ||
J 185
8.1.17.1. Permissable Violence
O edn 728-729, O tr. 185-1868.348a śastraṃ dvijātibhir grāhyaṃ dharmo yatra-uparudhyate
|
8.348c dvijātīnāṃ ca varṇānāṃ viplave kālakārite || 348 ||
8.349a ātmanaś ca paritrāṇe dakṣiṇānāṃ ca saṅgare |
8.349c strī.viprābhyupapattau ca ghnan dharmeṇa na duṣyati ||
349 ||
8.350a guruṃ vā bāla.vṛddhau vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā bahu.śrutam |
8.350c ātatāyinam āyāntaṃ hanyād eva-a.vicārayan || 350 ||
8.351a na-ātatāyivadhe doṣo hantur bhavati kaś cana |
8.351c prakāśaṃ vā-aprakāśaṃ vā manyus taṃ manyum ṛcchati ||
351 ||
8.1.18. Grounds for Litigation-XV Sexual Crimes Against Women
O edn 730-737, O tr. 186-1878.1.18.1. Sexual Crimes against Married Women
O edn 730-732, O tr. 1868.352a paradārābhimarśeṣu pravṛttān nṝn mahīpatiḥ |
8.352c udvejanakarair daṇḍaiś chinnayitvā pravāsayet || 352 ||
275
8.353a tat.samuttho hi lokasya jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ |
8.353c yena mūlaharo 'dharmaḥ sarvanāśāya kalpate || 353 ||
8.354a parasya patnyā puruṣaḥ sambhāṣāṃ yojayan rahaḥ |
8.354c pūrvam ākṣārito doṣaiḥ prāpnuyāt pūrvasāhasam || 354
||
8.355a yas tv an.ākṣāritaḥ pūrvam abhibhāṣate kāraṇāt |
8.355c na doṣaṃ prāpnuyāt kiṃ cin na hi tasya vyatikramaḥ ||
355 ||
8.356a parastriyaṃ yo 'bhivadet tīrthe 'raṇye vane 'pi vā |
8.356c nadīnāṃ vā-api sambhede sa saṅgrahaṇam āpnuyāt || 356
||
8.357a upacārakriyā keliḥ sparśo bhūṣaṇa.vāsasām | 276
8.357c saha khaṭvā-āsanaṃ ca-eva sarvaṃ saṅgrahaṇaṃ smṛtam ||
357 ||
8.358a striyaṃ spṛśed adeśe yaḥ spṛṣṭo vā marṣayet tayā |
8.358c parasparasya-anumate sarvaṃ saṅgrahaṇaṃ smṛtam || 358
||
8.359a abrāhmaṇaḥ saṅgrahaṇe prāṇāntaṃ daṇḍam arhati |
8.359c caturṇām api varṇānāṃ dārā rakṣyatamāḥ sadā || 359
||
8.360a bhikṣukā bandinaś ca-eva dīkṣitāḥ kāravas tathā |
8.360c sambhāṣanaṃ saha strībhiḥ kuryur a.prativāritāḥ || 360
||
8.361a na sambhāṣāṃ parastrībhiḥ pratiṣiddhaḥ samācaret |
8.361c niṣiddho bhāṣamāṇas tu suvarṇaṃ daṇḍam arhati || 361
||
8.362a na-eṣa cāraṇadāreṣu vidhir na-ātma.upajīviṣu |
8.362c sajjayanti hi te nārīr nigūḍhāś cārayanti ca || 362
||
8.363a kiṃ cid eva tu dāpyaḥ syāt sambhāṣāṃ tābhir ācaran |
8.363c praiṣyāsu ca-ekabhaktāsu rahaḥ pravrajitāsu ca || 363 ||
277
8.1.18.2. Male Sexual Assault
O edn 732-733, O tr. 1868.364a yo '.kāmāṃ dūṣayet kanyāṃ sa sadyo vadham arhati |
8.364c sa.kāmāṃ dūṣayaṃs tulyo na vadhaṃ prāpnuyān naraḥ || 364
||
8.365a kanyām bhajantīm utkṛṣṭaṃ na kiṃ cid api dāpayet |
8.365c jaghanyaṃ sevamānāṃ tu saṃyatāṃ vāsayed gṛhe || 365
||
8.366a uttamāṃ sevamānas tu jaghanyo vadham arhati |
8.366c śulkaṃ dadyāt sevamānaḥ samām icchet pitā yadi || 366
||
8.367a abhiṣahya tu yaḥ kanyāṃ kuryād darpeṇa mānavaḥ |
8.367c tasya-āśu kartye aṅgulyau daṇḍaṃ ca-arhati ṣaṭśatam ||
367 || 278
8.368a sa.kāmāṃ dūṣayaṃs tulyo na-aṅgulichedam āpnuyāt |
8.368c dviśataṃ tu damam dāpyaḥ prasaṅgavinivṛttaye || 368
||
8.1.18.3. Female Sexual Assault
O edn 733, O tr. 186-1878.369a kanyā-eva kanyāṃ yā kuryāt tasyāḥ syād dviśato damaḥ
|
8.369c śulkaṃ ca dviguṇaṃ dadyāt-śiphāś ca-eva-āpnuyād daśa ||
369 ||
8.370a yā tu kanyāṃ prakuryāt strī sā sadyo mauṇḍyam arhati
|
8.370c aṅgulyor eva vā chedaṃ khareṇa-udvahanaṃ tathā || 370
||
8.1.18.4. Adultery
O edn 734-737, O tr. 1878.371a bhartāraṃ laṅghayed yā tu strī jñāti.guṇadarpitā |
8.371c tāṃ śvabhiḥ khādayed rājā saṃsthāne bahusaṃsthite || 371
||
8.372a pumāṃsaṃ dāhayet pāpaṃ śayane tapta āyase |
8.372c abhyādadhyuś ca kāṣṭhāni tatra dahyeta pāpakṛt || 372
||
8.373a saṃvatsarābhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇo damaḥ | 279
8.373c vrātyayā saha saṃvāse cāṇḍālyā tāvad eva tu || 373
||
8.374a śūdro guptam aguptaṃ vā dvaijātaṃ varṇam āvasan |
8.374c aguptam aṅga.sarvasvair guptaṃ sarveṇa hīyate || 374 ||
280
8.375a vaiśyaḥ sarvasva.daṇḍaḥ syāt saṃvatsaranirodhataḥ |
8.375c sahasraṃ kṣatriyo daṇḍyo mauṇḍyaṃ mūtreṇa ca-arhati ||
375 ||
8.376a brāhmaṇīṃ yady aguptāṃ tu gacchetāṃ vaiśya.pārthivau
|
8.376c vaiśyaṃ pañcaśataṃ kuryāt kṣatriyaṃ tu sahasriṇam || 376
||
8.377a ubhāv api tu tāv eva brāhmaṇyā guptayā saha |
8.377c viplutau śūdravad daṇḍyau dagdhavyau vā kaṭāgninā || 377
||
8.378a sahasraṃ brāhmaṇo daṇḍyo guptāṃ viprāṃ balād vrajan
|
8.378c śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syād icchantyā saha saṅgataḥ || 378
||
8.379a mauṇḍyaṃ prāṇāntikaṃ daṇḍo brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate | 281
8.379c itareṣāṃ tu varṇānāṃ daṇḍaḥ prāṇāntiko bhavet || 379 ||
282
8.380a na jātu brāhmaṇaṃ hanyāt sarvapāpeṣv api sthitam |
8.380c rāṣṭrād enaṃ bahiḥ kuryāt samagra.dhanam a.kṣatam || 380
||
8.381a na brāhmaṇavadhād bhūyān adharmo vidyate bhuvi |
8.381c tasmād asya vadhaṃ rājā manasā-api na cintayet || 381
||
8.382a vaiśyaś cet kṣatriyāṃ guptāṃ vaiśyāṃ vā kṣatriyo vrajet
|
8.382c yo brāhmaṇyām aguptāyāṃ tāv ubhau daṇḍam arhataḥ || 382
||
8.383a sahasraṃ brāhmaṇo daṇḍaṃ dāpyo gupte tu te vrajan |
8.383c śūdrāyāṃ kṣatriya.viśoḥ sāhasro vai bhaved damaḥ || 383
|| 283
8.384a kṣatriyāyām aguptāyāṃ vaiśye pañcaśataṃ damaḥ |
8.384c mūtreṇa mauṇḍyam icchet tu kṣatriyo daṇḍam eva vā || 384
|| 284
8.385a agupte kṣatriyā.vaiśye śūdrāṃ vā brāhmaṇo vrajan |
8.385c śatāni pañca daṇḍyaḥ syāt sahasraṃ tv antyajastriyam ||
385 ||
8.1.19. Excursus
O edn 737-745, O tr. 187-1898.1.19.1. Miscellanea
O edn 737-740, O tr. 187-1888.386a yasya stenaḥ pure na-asti na-anyastrīgo na duṣṭa.vāk
|
8.386c na sāhasika.daṇḍaghno sa rājā śakralokabhāk || 386
||
8.387a eteṣāṃ nigraho rājñaḥ pañcānāṃ viṣaye svake |
8.387c sāṃrājyakṛt sajātyeṣu loke ca-eva yaśaskaraḥ || 387
||
8.388a ṛtvijaṃ yas tyajed yājyo yājyaṃ ca rtvik tyajed yadi
|
8.388c śaktaṃ karmaṇy aduṣṭaṃ ca tayor daṇḍaḥ śataṃ śatam ||
388 ||
8.389a na mātā na pitā na strī na putras tyāgam arhati |
8.389c tyajann apatitān etān rājñā daṇḍyaḥ śatāni ṣaṭ || 389
||
8.390a āśrameṣu dvijātīnāṃ kārye vivadatāṃ mithaḥ |
8.390c na vibrūyān nṛpo dharmaṃ cikīrṣan hitam ātmanaḥ || 390
||
8.391a yathārham etān abhyarcya brāhmaṇaiḥ saha pārthivaḥ |
8.391c sāntvena praśamayya-ādau svadharmaṃ pratipādayet || 391
||
8.392a prativeśya.anuveśyau ca kalyāṇe viṃśatidvije |
8.392c arhāv a.bhojayan vipro daṇḍam arhati māṣakam || 392
||
8.393a śrotriyaḥ śrotriyaṃ sādhuṃ bhūtikṛtyeṣv a.bhojayan |
8.393c tad.annaṃ dviguṇaṃ dāpyo hiraṇyaṃ ca-eva māṣakam || 393
|| 285
8.394a andho jaḍaḥ pīṭhasarpī saptatyā sthaviraś ca yaḥ |
8.394c śrotriyeṣūpakurvaṃś ca na dāpyāḥ kena cit karam || 394
||
8.395a śrotriyaṃ vyādhita.ārtau ca bāla.vṛddhāv a.kiñcanam
|
8.395c mahākulīnam āryaṃ ca rājā sampūjayet sadā || 395 ||
8.396a śālmalīphalake ślakṣṇe nenijyān nejakaḥ śanaiḥ |
8.396c na ca vāsāṃsi vāsobhir nirharen na ca vāsayet || 396
||
8.397a tantuvāyo daśapalaṃ dadyād ekapala.adhikam |
8.397c ato 'nyathā vartamāno dāpyo dvādaśakaṃ damam || 397
||
J 190
8.1.19.2. Control of Trade
O edn 740-741, O tr. 1888.398a śulkasthāneṣu kuśalāḥ sarvapaṇya.vicakṣaṇāḥ |
8.398c kuryur arghaṃ yathāpaṇyaṃ tato viṃśaṃ nṛpo haret || 398
||
8.399a rājñaḥ prakhyātabhāṇḍāni pratiṣiddhāni yāni ca |
8.399c tāṇi nirharato lobhāt sarvahāraṃ haren nṛpaḥ || 399
||
8.400a śulkasthānaṃ pariharann akāle kraya.vikrayī |
8.400c mithyāvādī ca saṅkhyāne dāpyo 'ṣṭaguṇam atyayam || 400
||
8.401a āgamaṃ nirgamaṃ sthānaṃ tathā vṛddhi.kṣayāv ubhau |
8.401c vicārya sarvapaṇyānāṃ kārayet kraya.vikrayau || 401
||
8.402a pañcarātre pañcarātre pakṣe pakṣe 'tha vā gate |
8.402c kurvīta ca-eṣāṃ pratyakṣam arghasaṃsthāpanaṃ nṛpaḥ ||
402 ||
8.403a tulāmānaṃ pratīmānaṃ sarvaṃ ca syāt sulakṣitam |
8.403c ṣaṭsu ṣaṭsu ca māseṣu punar eva parīkṣayet || 403 ||
8.1.19.3. Ferries and Tolls
O edn 741-742, O tr. 188-1898.404a paṇaṃ yānaṃ tare dāpyaṃ pauruṣo 'rdhapaṇaṃ tare |
8.404c pādaṃ paśuś ca yoṣit-ca pādārdhaṃ riktakaḥ pumān || 404
|| 286
8.405a bhāṇḍapūrṇāni yānāni tāryaṃ dāpyāni sārataḥ |
8.405c riktabhāṇḍāni yat kiṃ cit pumāṃsaś c-aparicchadāḥ || 405
||
8.406a dīrghādhvani yathādeśaṃ yathākālaṃ taro bhavet |
8.406c nadītīreṣu tad vidyāt samudre na-asti lakṣaṇam || 406
||
8.407a garbhiṇī tu dvimāsādis tathā pravrajito muniḥ |
8.407c brāhmaṇā liṅginaś ca-eva na dāpyās tārikaṃ tare || 407
||
8.408a yan nāvi kiṃ cid dāśānāṃ viśīryeta-aparādhataḥ |
8.408c tad dāśair eva dātavyaṃ samāgamya svato 'ṃśataḥ || 408
||
8.409a eṣa nauyāyinām ukto vyavahārasya nirṇayaḥ |
8.409c dāśāparādhatas toye daivike na-asti nigrahaḥ || 409
||
8.1.19.4. Occupations of Social Classes
O edn 742-745, O tr. 1898.410a vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyaṃ kusīdaṃ kṛṣim eva ca |
8.410c paśūnāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ ca-eva dāsyaṃ śūdraṃ dvijanmanām || 410
||
8.411a kṣatriyaṃ ca-eva vaiśyaṃ ca brāhmaṇo vṛttikarśitau |
8.411c bibhṛyād ānṛśaṃsyena svāni karmāṇi kārayet || 411 ||
8.412a dāsyaṃ tu kārayan-lobhād brāhmaṇaḥ saṃskṛtān dvijān
|
8.412c anicchataḥ prābhavatyād rājñā daṇḍyaḥ śatāni ṣaṭ || 412
||
8.413a śūdraṃ tu kārayed dāsyaṃ krītam akrītam eva vā |
8.413c dāsyāya-eva hi sṛṣṭo 'sau brāhmaṇasya svayambhuvā || 413
||
8.414a na svāminā nisṛṣṭo 'pi śūdro dāsyād vimucyate |
8.414c nisargajaṃ hi tat tasya kas tasmāt tad apohati || 414
||
8.415a dhvajāhṛto bhaktadāso gṛhajaḥ krīta.dattrimau |
8.415c paitriko daṇḍadāsaś ca sapta-ete dāsayonayaḥ || 415
||
8.416a bhāryā putraś ca dāsaś ca traya eva-a.dhanāḥ smṛtāḥ
|
8.416c yat te samadhigacchanti yasya te tasya tad dhanam || 416
||
8.417a visrabdhaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ śūdrād dravya.upādānam ācaret |
8.417c na hi tasya-asti kiṃ cit svaṃ bhartṛhārya.dhano hi saḥ
|| 417 ||
8.418a vaiśya.śūdrau prayatnena svāni karmāṇi kārayet |
8.418c tau hi cyutau svakarmabhyaḥ kṣobhayetām idaṃ jagat ||
418 ||
8.419a ahany ahany avekṣeta karmāntān vāhanāni ca |
8.419c āya.vyayau ca niyatāv ākarān kośam eva ca || 419 ||
8.420a evaṃ sarvān imān rājā vyavahārān samāpayan |
8.420c vyapohya kilbiṣaṃ sarvaṃ prāpnoti paramāṃ gatim || 420
||
- 8.13av/ M: sabhā vā na praveṣṭavyā↩
- 8.15cv/
M: vadhīt↩
- 8.16av/ M: tv alam↩
- 8.27cv/
M: yāvad vā-atīta.śaiśavaḥ↩
- 8.43cv/
M: graseta-arthaṃ↩
- 8.45av/ M: sākṣiṇam↩
- 8.54av/ M: apadiśya-apadeśaṃ↩
- 8.57av/ M: jñātāraḥ santi mety*] *{mety < ma ity ?}↩
- 8.57cv/ M: tam iti nirdiśet↩
- 8.58av/ M: bandhyo daṇḍyaś ca↩
- 8.77av/
M: tv asākṣī↩
- 8.81av/ M: āpnoty aninditān↩
- 8.93av/
M: kapālī↩
- 8.96av/ M: na-atiśaṅkate↩
- 8.102av/ M: vāṇijakāṃs↩
- 8.106av/ TA10.3-5; VS20.14↩
- 8.106cv/ RS1.24.15; 10.9.1-3; VS12.2; VS12.50↩
- 8.135cv/
M: rūpyamāṣakaḥ↩
- 8.148cv/
M: tad dhanam arhati↩
- 8.149av/ M: nikṣepa.upanidhī↩
- 8.151av/ M: sakṛd āhitā↩
- 8.153av/
M: vinirharet↩
- 8.158cv/
M: tasya yateta↩
- 8.166av/ M: kuṭumbe ca↩
- 8.184cv/ M: sa nigṛhya-ubhayaṃ dāpya iti dharmasya dhāraṇā↩
- 8.203cv/
M: na sāvadyaṃ na ca nyūnaṃ na dūre na tirohitam↩
- 8.215av/ M: anārto↩
- 8.234cv/
M: aṅkāṃś ca darśayet↩
- 8.243av/ M: kṣetrikasya-atyaye↩
- 8.251cv/
M: sīmāyā↩
- 8.253cv/
M: sīmāvādaviniścayaḥ↩
- 8.254av/ M: grāmeyaka.↩
- 8.254cv/
M: sīmāliṅgāni↩
- 8.258av/ M: grāmasīmāntavāsinaḥ↩
- 8.272cv/ M: śrautre↩
- 8.287av/ M: prāṇa.śonitayos↩
- 8.298av/
M: pāñcamāṣikaḥ↩
- 8.308av/ K:
arakṣitāraṃ attāraṃ↩
- 8.309av/ M: anavekṣita.maryādaṃ↩
- 8.314av/ M: dhīmatā↩
- 8.315av/ M: muśalaṃ↩
- 8.318av/ M: rājabhir dhṛtadaṇḍās tu↩
- 8.325av/ M: kharikāyāś ca↩
- 8.329av/ M: ca-evamādīnām adyānām↩
- 8.333cv/
M: taṃ śataṃ↩
- 8.352cv/
M: cihnayitvā↩
- 8.357av/ M: upakārakriyā↩
- 8.363cv/
M: preṣyāsu↩
- 8.367cv/ M: kartyā aṅgulyo↩
- 8.373av/ M: saṃvatsare 'bhiśastasya↩
- 8.374cv/
M: aṅga.sarvasvī↩
- 8.379av/ M:
prāṇāntako. M's com. refers to the reading of prāṇāntika-.↩
- 8.379cv/
M: prāṇāntako↩
- 8.383cv/
M: śūdrāyā↩
- 8.384cv/
M: ṛcchet tu↩
- 8.393cv/
M: hairaṇyaṃ↩
- 8.404cv/
M: pāde↩