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10.1. Rules for Times of Adversity

O edn 810-836, O tr. 208-214

10.1.1. Mixed Classes

O edn 810-826, O tr. 208-211

10.1.1.1. The Four Classes

O edn 810-811, O tr. 208
10.01a adhīyīraṃs trayo varṇāḥ svakarmasthā dvijātayaḥ |
10.01c prabrūyād brāhmaṇas tv eṣāṃ na-itarāv iti niścayaḥ || 1 ||
10.02a sarveṣāṃ brāhmaṇo vidyād vṛttyupāyān yathāvidhi |
10.02c prabrūyād itarebhyaś ca svayaṃ ca-eva tathā bhavet || 2 ||
10.03a vaiśeṣyāt prakṛtiśraiṣṭhyāt-niyamasya ca dhāraṇāt |
10.03c saṃskārasya viśeṣāc ca varṇānāṃ brāhmaṇaḥ prabhuḥ || 3 ||
10.04a brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyas trayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ |
10.04c caturtha ekajātis tu śūdro na-asti tu pañcamaḥ || 4 ||
10.05a sarvavarṇeṣu tulyāsu patnīṣv akṣata.yoniṣu |
10.05c ānulomyena sambhūtā jātyā jñeyās ta eva te || 5 ||
10.06a strīṣv anantarajātāsu dvijair utpāditān sutān |
10.06c sadṛśān eva tān āhur mātṛdoṣavigarhitān || 6 ||
10.07a anantarāsu jātānāṃ vidhir eṣa sanātanaḥ |
10.07c dvi.ekāntarāsu jātānāṃ dharmyaṃ vidyād imaṃ vidhim || 7 ||
J 229

10.1.1.2. Mixed Classes: First Discourse

O edn 811-812, O tr. 208-209
10.08a brāhmaṇād vaiśyakanyāyām ambaṣṭho nāma jāyate |
10.08c niṣādaḥ śūdrakanyāyāṃ yaḥ pāraśava ucyate || 8 ||
10.09a kṣatriyāt-śūdrakanyāyāṃ krūrācāravihāravān |
10.09c kṣatra.śūdra.vapur jantur ugro nāma prajāyate || 9 ||
10.10a viprasya triṣu varṇeṣu nṛpater varṇayor dvayoḥ |
10.10c vaiśyasya varṇe ca-ekasmin ṣaḍ ete 'pasadāḥ smṛtāḥ || 10 ||
10.11a kṣatriyād viprakanyāyāṃ sūto bhavati jātitaḥ |
10.11c vaiśyān māgadha.vaidehau rāja.vipra.aṅganāsutau || 11 ||
10.12a śūdrād āyogavaḥ kṣattā caṇḍālaś ca-adhamo nṛṇām |
10.12c vaiśya.rājanya.viprāsu jāyante varṇasaṅkarāḥ || 12 ||
10.13a ekāntare tv ānulomyād ambaṣṭha.ugrau yathā smṛtau |
10.13c kṣattṛ.vaidehakau tadvat prātilomye 'pi janmani || 13 ||
10.14a putrā ye 'nantarastrījāḥ krameṇa-uktā dvijanmanām |
10.14c tān anantara.nāmnas tu mātṛdoṣāt pracakṣate || 14 ||

10.1.1.3. Mixed Classes: Second Discourse

O edn 812-814, O tr. 209
10.15a brāhmaṇād ugrakanyāyām āvṛto nāma jāyate |
10.15c ābhīro 'mbaṣṭhakanyāyām āyogavyāṃ tu dhigvaṇaḥ || 15 ||
10.16a āyogavaś ca kṣattā ca caṇḍālaś ca-adhamo nṛṇām |
10.16c prātilomyena jāyante śūdrād apasadās trayaḥ || 16 ||
10.17a vaiśyān māgadha.vaidehau kṣatriyāt sūta eva tu |
10.17c pratīpam ete jāyante pare 'py apasadās trayaḥ || 17 ||
J 230
10.18a jāto niṣādāt-śūdrāyāṃ jātyā bhavati pukkasaḥ |
10.18c śūdrāj jāto niṣādyāṃ tu sa vai kukkuṭakaḥ smṛtaḥ || 18 ||
10.19a kṣattur jātas tathā-ugrāyāṃ śvapāka iti kīrtyate |
10.19c vaidehakena tv ambaṣṭhyām utpanno veṇa ucyate || 19 ||
10.20a dvijātayaḥ savarṇāsu janayanty a.vratāṃs tu yān |
10.20c tān sāvitrīparibhraṣṭān vrātyān iti vinirdiśet || 20 ||
10.21a vrātyāt tu jāyate viprāt pāpa.ātmā bhūrjakaṇṭakaḥ| 330
10.21c āvantya.vāṭadhānau ca puṣpadhaḥ śaikha eva ca || 21 ||
10.22a jhallo mallaś ca rājanyād vrātyāt-nicchivir eva ca | 331
10.22c naṭaś ca karaṇaś ca-eva khaso draviḍa eva ca || 22 ||
10.23a vaiśyāt tu jāyate vrātyāt sudhanvā-ācārya eva ca |
10.23c kāruṣaś ca vijanmā ca maitraḥ sātvata eva ca || 23 ||

10.1.1.4. Mixed Classes: Third Discourse

O edn 814-819, O tr. 209-210
10.24a vyabhicāreṇa varṇānām avedyāvedanena ca |
10.24c svakarmaṇāṃ ca tyāgena jāyante varṇasaṅkarāḥ || 24 ||
10.25a saṅkīrṇa.yonayo ye tu pratiloma.anuloma.jāḥ |
10.25c anyonyavyatiṣaktāś ca tān pravakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ || 25 ||
10.26a sūto vaidehakaś ca-eva caṇḍālaś ca narādhamaḥ |
10.26c māgadhaḥ tathā-āyogava eva ca kṣatrajātiś ca || 26 || 332
10.27a ete ṣaṭ sadṛśān varṇāñ janayanti svayoniṣu |
10.27c mātṛjātyāṃ prasūyante pravārāsu ca yoniṣu || 27 || 333
J 231
10.28a yathā trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ dvayor ātmā-asya jāyate |
10.28c ānantaryāt svayonyāṃ tu tathā bāhyeṣv api kramāt || 28 || 334
10.29a te ca-api bāhyān subahūṃs tato 'py adhikadūṣitān |
10.29c parasparasya dāreṣu janayanti vigarhitān || 29 ||
10.30a yathā-eva śūdro brāhmaṇyāṃ bāhyaṃ jantuṃ prasūyate |
10.30c tathā bāhyataraṃ bāhyaś cāturvarṇye prasūyate || 30 ||
10.31a pratikūlaṃ vartamānā bāhyā bāhyatarān punaḥ |
10.31c hīnā hīnān prasūyante varṇān pañcadaśa-eva tu || 31 ||
10.32a prasādhana.upacārajñam adāsaṃ dāsajīvanam | 335
10.32c sairindhraṃ vāgurā.vṛttiṃ sūte dasyur ayogave || 32 || 336
10.33a maitreyakaṃ tu vaideho mādhūkaṃ samprasūyate |
10.33c nṝn praśaṃsaty ajasraṃ yo ghaṇṭātāḍo 'ruṇa.udaye || 33 ||
10.34a niṣādo mārgavaṃ sūte dāsaṃ naukarmajīvinam |
10.34c kaivartam iti yaṃ prāhur āryāvartanivāsinaḥ || 34 ||
10.35a mṛtavastrabhṛtsv nārīṣu garhita.anna.aśanāsu ca | 337
10.35c bhavanty āyogavīṣv ete jātihīnāḥ pṛthak trayaḥ || 35 ||
10.36a kārāvaro niṣādāt tu carmakāraḥ prasūyate | 338
10.36c vaidehikād andhra.medau bahirgrāma.pratiśrayau || 36 ||
10.37a caṇḍālāt pāṇḍusopākas tvaksāravyavahāravān |
10.37c āhiṇḍiko niṣādena vaidehyām eva jāyate || 37 ||
J 232
10.38a caṇḍālena tu sopāko mūlavyasanavṛttimān |
10.38c pukkasyāṃ jāyate pāpaḥ sadā sajjanagarhitaḥ || 38 || 339
10.39a niṣādastrī tu caṇḍālāt putram antyāvasāyinam |
10.39c śmaśāna.gocaraṃ sūte bāhyānām api garhitam || 39 ||
10.40a saṅkare jātayas tv etāḥ pitṛ.mātṛ.pradarśitāḥ |
10.40c prachannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ || 40 ||
10.41a svajātija.anantarajāḥ ṣaṭ sutā dvijadharmiṇaḥ |
10.41c śūdrāṇāṃ tu sa.dharmāṇaḥ sarve 'padhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ || 41 ||
10.42a tapo.bīja.prabhāvais tu te gacchanti yuge yuge |
10.42c utkarṣaṃ ca-apakarṣaṃ ca manuṣyeṣv iha janmataḥ || 42 ||
10.43a śanakais tu kriyālopād imāḥ kṣatriya.jātayaḥ |
10.43c vṛṣalatvaṃ gatā loke brāhmaṇādarśanena ca || 43 || 340
10.44a pauṇḍrakāś cauḍra.draviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ | 341
10.44c pāradā.pahlavāś cīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ || 44 ||
10.45a mukha.bāhu.ūru.pad.jānāṃ yā loke jātayo bahiḥ |
10.45c mleccha.vācaś ca-ārya.vācaḥ sarve te dasyavaḥ smṛtāḥ || 45 ||

10.1.1.5. Occupations, Residence, and Dress

O edn 819-820, O tr. 210
10.46a ye dvijānām apasadā ye ca-apadhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ |
10.46c te ninditair vartayeyur dvijānām eva karmabhiḥ || 46 ||
10.47a sūtānām aśva.sārathyam ambaṣṭhānāṃ cikitsanam |
10.47c vaidehakānāṃ strīkāryaṃ māgadhānāṃ vaṇikpathaḥ || 47 ||
J 233
10.48a matsyaghāto niṣādānāṃ tvaṣṭis tv āyogavasya ca |
10.48c meda.andhra.cuñcu.madgūnām āraṇyapaśuhiṃsanam || 48 ||
10.49a kṣattṛ.ugra.pukkasānāṃ tu bilaukovadha.bandhanam |
10.49c dhigvaṇānāṃ carmakāryaṃ veṇānāṃ bhāṇḍavādanam || 49 ||
10.50a caityadruma.śmaśāneṣu śaileṣu-upavaneṣu ca |
10.50c vaseyur ete vijñātā vartayantaḥ svakarmabhiḥ || 50 ||

10.1.1.6. Cāṇḍālas and Śvapācas

O edn 820-821, O tr. 210
10.51a caṇḍāla.śvapacānāṃ tu bahir grāmāt pratiśrayaḥ |
10.51c apapātrāś ca kartavyā dhanam eṣāṃ śva.gardabham || 51 ||
10.52a vāsāṃsi mṛtacailāni bhinnabhāṇḍeṣu bhojanam |
10.52c kārṣṇāyasam alaṅkāraḥ parivrajyā ca nityaśaḥ || 52 ||
10.53a na taiḥ samayam anvicchet puruṣo dharmam ācaran |
10.53c vyavahāro mithas teṣāṃ vivāhaḥ sadṛśaiḥ saha || 53 ||
10.54a annam eṣāṃ parādhīnaṃ deyaṃ syād bhinnabhājane |
10.54c rātrau na vicareyus te grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca || 54 ||
10.55a divā careyuḥ kāryārthaṃ cihnitā rājaśāsanaiḥ |
10.55c a.bāndhavaṃ śavaṃ ca-eva nirhareyur iti sthitiḥ || 55 ||
10.56a vadhyāṃś ca hanyuḥ satataṃ yathāśāstraṃ nṛpājñayā |
10.56c vadhyavāsāṃsi gṛhṇīyuḥ śayyāś ca-ābharaṇāni ca || 56 ||

10.1.1.7. Further Discourse on Mixed Classes

O edn 821-822, O tr. 211
10.57a varṇāpetam avijñātaṃ naraṃ kaluṣayonijam |
10.57c ārya.rūpam iva-anāryaṃ karmabhiḥ svair vibhāvayet || 57 ||
J 234
10.58a anāryatā niṣṭhuratā krūratā niṣkriyātmatā |
10.58c puruṣaṃ vyañjayanti-iha loke kaluṣayonijam || 58 ||
10.59a pitryaṃ vā bhajate śīlaṃ mātur vā-ubhayam eva vā |
10.59c na kathaṃ cana duryoniḥ prakṛtiṃ svāṃ niyacchati || 59 ||
10.60a kule mukhye 'pi jātasya yasya syād yonisaṅkaraḥ |
10.60c saṃśrayaty eva tat.śīlaṃ naro 'lpam api vā bahu || 60 ||
10.61a yatra tv ete paridhvaṃsāj jāyante varṇadūṣakāḥ |
10.61c rāṣṭrikaiḥ saha tad rāṣṭraṃ kṣipram eva vinaśyati || 61 || 342

10.1.1.8. Advance to Higher Classes

O edn 822-825, O tr. 211
10.62a brāhmaṇārthe gavārthe vā dehatyāgo 'n.upaskṛtaḥ |
10.62c strī.bālābhyupapattau ca bāhyānāṃ siddhikāraṇam || 62 || 343
10.63a ahiṃsā satyam asteyaṃ śaucam indriyanigrahaḥ |
10.63c etaṃ sāmāsikaṃ dharmaṃ cāturvarṇye 'bravīn manuḥ || 63 ||
10.64a śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇāj jātaḥ śreyasā cet prajāyate |
10.64c aśreyān śreyasīṃ jātiṃ gacchaty ā saptamād yugāt || 64 ||
10.65a śūdro brāhmaṇatām eti brāhmaṇaś ca-eti śūdratām |
10.65c kṣatriyāj jātam evaṃ tu vidyād vaiśyāt tathā-eva ca || 65 ||
10.66a anāryāyāṃ samutpanno brāhmaṇāt tu yadṛcchayā |
10.66c brāhmaṇyām apy anāryāt tu śreyastvaṃ kva-iti ced bhavet || 66 || 344
10.67a jāto nāryām anāryāyām āryād āryo bhaved guṇaiḥ |
10.67c jāto 'py anāryād āryāyām anārya iti niścayaḥ || 67 ||
J 235
10.68a tāv ubhāv apy asaṃskāryāv iti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ |
10.68c vaiguṇyāj janmanaḥ pūrva uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ || 68 || 345
10.69a subījaṃ ca-eva sukṣetre jātaṃ sampadyate yathā |
10.69c tathā-āryāj jāta āryāyāṃ sarvaṃ saṃskāram arhati || 69 ||
10.70a bījam eke praśaṃsanti kṣetram anye manīṣiṇaḥ |
10.70c bīja.kṣetre tathā-eva-anye tatra-iyaṃ tu vyavasthitiḥ || 70 ||
10.71a akṣetre bījam utsṛṣṭam antarā-eva vinaśyati |
10.71c a.bījakam api kṣetraṃ kevalaṃ sthaṇḍilaṃ bhavet || 71 ||
10.72a yasmād bījaprabhāveṇa tiryagjā ṛṣayo 'bhavan |
10.72c pūjitāś ca praśastāś ca tasmād bījaṃ praśasyate || 72 || 346
10.73a anāryam ārya.karmāṇam āryaṃ ca-anāryakarmiṇam |
10.73c sampradhārya-abravīd dhātā na samau na-asamāv iti || 73 ||
  1. 10.21av/ M:
    bhṛjjakaṇṭakaḥ
    ↩
  2. 10.22av/ M:
    vrātyāt-licchavir eva ca
    ↩
  3. 10.26cv/ M:
    kṣattṛjātiś ca
    ↩
  4. 10.27cv/ M:
    mātṛjātyāḥ
    ↩
  5. 10.28cv/ M:
    kramaḥ
    ↩
  6. 10.32av/ M:
    dāsyajīvinam
    ↩
  7. 10.32cv/ M:
    sairandhraṃ
    ↩
  8. 10.35av/ M:
    anāryāṣu
    ↩
  9. 10.36av/ M:
    carmakāraṃ
    ↩
  10. 10.38cv/ M:
    pulkasyāṃ
    ↩
  11. 10.43cv/ M:
    brāhmaṇātikrameṇa ca
    ↩
  12. 10.44av/ M:
    puṇḍrakāś coḍa.draviḍāḥ
    ↩
  13. 10.61cv/ M:
    rāṣṭriyaiḥ
    ↩
  14. 10.62cv/ M:
    strī.bālābhyavapattau ca
    ↩
  15. 10.66cv/ M:
    kasya cid bhavet
    ↩
  16. 10.68cv/ M:
    janmataḥ
    ↩
  17. 10.72cv/ M:
    viśiṣyate
    ↩