J 193

Chapter 9

O edn 746-809, O tr. 190-207

9.1. The Justice System (cont.

O edn 746-807, O tr. 190-206

9.1.1. Grounds of Litigation-XVI Law Concerning Husband and Wife

O edn 746-765, O tr. 190-195
9.01a puruṣasya striyāś ca-eva dharme vartmani tiṣṭhatoḥ | 287
9.01c saṃyoge viprayoge ca dharmān vakṣyāmi śāśvatān || 1 ||

9.1.1.1. Guarding the Wife

O edn 746-750, O tr. 190-191
9.02a asvatantrāḥ striyaḥ kāryāḥ puruṣaiḥ svair divā.niśam |
9.02c viṣayeṣu ca sajjantyaḥ saṃsthāpyā ātmano vaśe || 2 ||
9.03a pitā rakṣati kaumāre bhartā rakṣati yauvane |
9.03c rakṣanti sthavire putrā na strī svātantryam arhati || 3 ||
9.04a kāle '.dātā pitā vācyo vācyaś ca-an.upayan patiḥ |
9.04c mṛte bhartari putras tu vācyo mātur arakṣitā || 4 ||
9.05a sūkṣmebhyo 'pi prasaṅgebhyaḥ striyo rakṣyā viśeṣataḥ | 288
9.05c dvayor hi kulayoḥ śokam āvaheyur a.rakṣitāḥ || 5 ||
9.06a imaṃ hi sarvavarṇānāṃ paśyanto dharmam uttamam |
9.06c yatante rakṣituṃ bhāryāṃ bhartāro durbalā api || 6 ||
9.07a svāṃ prasūtiṃ caritraṃ ca kulam ātmānam eva ca |
9.07c svaṃ ca dharmaṃ prayatnena jāyāṃ rakṣan hi rakṣati || 7 ||
J 194
9.08a patir bhāryāṃ sampraviśya garbho bhūtvā-iha jāyate |
9.08c jāyāyās tadd hi jāyātvaṃ yad asyāṃ jāyate punaḥ || 8 ||
9.09a yādṛśaṃ bhajate hi strī sutaṃ sūte tathāvidham |
9.09c tasmāt prajāviśuddhi.arthaṃ striyaṃ rakṣet prayatnataḥ || 9 ||
9.10a na kaś cid yoṣitaḥ śaktaḥ prasahya parirakṣitum |
9.10c etair upāyayogais tu śakyās tāḥ parirakṣitum || 10 ||
9.11a arthasya saṅgrahe ca-enāṃ vyaye ca-eva niyojayet |
9.11c śauce dharme 'nnapaktyāṃ ca pāriṇāhyasya vekṣaṇe || 11 ||
9.12a a.rakṣitā gṛhe ruddhāḥ puruṣair āptakāribhiḥ |
9.12c ātmānam ātmanā yās tu rakṣeyus tāḥ surakṣitāḥ || 12 ||
9.13a pānaṃ durjanasaṃsargaḥ patyā ca viraho 'ṭanam |
9.13c svapno 'nyagehavāsaś ca nārīsandūṣaṇāni ṣaṭ || 13 ||
9.14a na-etā rūpaṃ parīkṣante na-āsāṃ vayasi saṃsthitiḥ |
9.14c surūpaṃ vā virūpaṃ vā pumān ity eva bhuñjate || 14 ||
9.15a pauṃścalyāc calacittāc ca naisnehyāc ca svabhāvataḥ | 289
9.15c rakṣitā yatnato 'pi-iha bhartṛṣv etā vikurvate || 15 ||
9.16a evaṃ svabhāvaṃ jñātvā-āsāṃ prajāpatinisargajam |
9.16c paramaṃ yatnam ātiṣṭhet puruṣo rakṣaṇaṃ prati || 16 ||
9.17a śayyā.āsanam alaṅkāraṃ kāmaṃ krodham anārjavam | 290
9.17c drohabhāvaṃ kucaryāṃ ca strībhyo manur akalpayat || 17 || 291
J 195
9.18a na-asti strīṇāṃ kriyā mantrair iti dharme vyavasthitiḥ
9.18c nir.indriyā hy a.mantrāś ca strībhyo 'nṛtam iti sthitiḥ || 18 || 292
9.19a tathā ca śrutayo bahvyo nigītā nigameṣv api |
9.19c svālakṣaṇyaparīkṣārthaṃ tāsāṃ śṛṇuta niṣkṛtīḥ || 19 ||
9.20a yan me mātā pralulubhe vicaranty a.pativratā |
9.20c tan me retaḥ pitā vṛṅktām ity asya-etan nidarśanam || 20 ||
9.21a dhyāyaty aniṣṭaṃ yat kiṃ cit pāṇigrāhasya cetasā |
9.21c tasya-eṣa vyabhicārasya nihnavaḥ samyag ucyate || 21 ||

9.1.1.2. Elevation of Wife to Husbands's Status

O edn 750-751, O tr. 191
9.22a yādṛg.guṇena bhartrā strī saṃyujyeta yathāvidhi |
9.22c tādṛg.guṇā sā bhavati samudreṇa-iva nimnagā || 22 ||
9.23a akṣamālā vasiṣṭhena saṃyuktā-adhamayonijā |
9.23c śāraṅgī mandapālena jagāma-abhyarhaṇīyatām || 23 ||
9.24a etāś ca-anyāś ca loke 'sminn apakṛṣṭaprasūtayaḥ | 293
9.24c utkarṣaṃ yoṣitaḥ prāptāḥ svaiḥ svair bhartṛguṇaiḥ śubhaiḥ || 24 ||
9.25a eṣā-uditā lokayātrā nityaṃ strī.puṃsayoḥ śubhā |
9.25c pretya-iha ca sukha.udarkān prajādharmān nibodhata || 25 ||

9.1.1.3. Importance of Wife

O edn 751-752, O tr. 191
9.26a prajanārthaṃ mahā.bhāgāḥ pūja.arhā gṛhadīptayaḥ |
9.26c striyaḥ śriyaś ca geheṣu na viśeṣo 'sti kaś cana || 26 ||
9.27a utpādanam apatyasya jātasya paripālanam |
9.27c pratyahaṃ lokayātrāyāḥ pratyakṣaṃ strī nibandhanam || 27 || 294
J 196
9.28a apatyaṃ dharmakāryāṇi śuśrūṣā ratir uttamā |
9.28c dārā.adhīnas tathā svargaḥ pitṝṇām ātmanaś ca ha || 28 ||
9.29a patiṃ yā na-abhicarati mano.vāg.dehasaṃyatā |
9.29c sā bhartṛlokān āpnoti sadbhiḥ sādhvī-iti ca-ucyate || 29 ||
9.30a vyabhicārāt tu bhartuḥ strī loke prāpnoti nindyatām |
9.30c sṛgālayoniṃ ca-āpnoti pāparogaiś ca pīḍyate || 30 || 295
9.31a putraṃ pratyuditaṃ sadbhiḥ pūrvajaiś ca maharṣibhiḥ |
9.31c viśvajanyam imaṃ puṇyam upanyāsaṃ nibodhata || 31 ||

9.1.1.4. To Whom Belongs a Son?

O edn 752-756, O tr. 191-193
9.32a bhartari putraṃ vijānanti śrutidvaidhaṃ tu kartari | 296
9.32c āhur utpādakaṃ ke cid apare kṣetriṇaṃ viduḥ || 32 ||
9.33a kṣetrabhūtā smṛtā nārī bījabhūtaḥ smṛtaḥ pumān |
9.33c kṣetra.bījasamāyogāt sambhavaḥ sarvadehinām || 33 ||
9.34a viśiṣṭaṃ kutra cid bījaṃ strīyonis tv eva kutra cit |
9.34c ubhayaṃ tu samaṃ yatra sā prasūtiḥ praśasyate || 34 ||
9.35a bījasya ca-eva yonyāś ca bījam utkṛṣṭam ucyate |
9.35c sarvabhūtaprasūtir hi bījalakṣaṇalakṣitā || 35 ||
9.36a yādṛśaṃ tu-upyate bījaṃ kṣetre kāla.upapādite |
9.36c tādṛg rohati tat tasmin bījaṃ svair vyañjitaṃ guṇaiḥ || 36 ||
9.37a iyaṃ bhūmir hi bhūtānāṃ śāśvatī yonir ucyate |
9.37c na ca yoniguṇān kāṃś cid bījaṃ puṣyati puṣṭiṣu || 37 ||
J 197
9.38a bhūmāv apy ekakedāre kāla.uptāni kṛṣīvalaiḥ |
9.38c nānārūpāṇi jāyante bījāni-iha svabhāvataḥ || 38 ||
9.39a vrīhayaḥ śālayo mudgās tilā māṣās tathā yavāḥ |
9.39c yathābījaṃ prarohanti laśunāni-ikṣavas tathā || 39 ||
9.40a anyad uptaṃ jātam anyad ity etat-na-upapadyate |
9.40c upyate yadd hi yad bījaṃ tat tad eva prarohati || 40 ||
9.41a tat prājñena vinītena jñāna.vijñānavedinā |
9.41c āyuṣkāmena vaptavyaṃ na jātu parayoṣiti || 41 ||
9.42a atra gāthā vāyugītāḥ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ |
9.42c yathā bījaṃ na vaptavyaṃ puṃsā paraparigrahe || 42 ||
9.43a naśyati-iṣur yathā viddhaḥ khe viddham anuvidhyataḥ |
9.43c tathā naśyati vai kṣipraṃ bījaṃ paraparigrahe || 43 || 297
9.44a pṛthor api-imāṃ pṛthivīṃ bhāryāṃ pūrvavido viduḥ |
9.44c sthāṇu.cchedasya kedāram āhuḥ śālyavato mṛgam || 44 ||
9.45a etāvān eva puruṣo yat-jāyā-ātmā prajā-iti ha |
9.45c viprāḥ prāhus tathā ca-etad yo bhartā sā smṛta.aṅganā || 45 ||
9.46a na niṣkraya.visargābhyāṃ bhartur bhāryā vimucyate |
9.46c evaṃ dharmaṃ vijānīmaḥ prāk prajāpatinirmitam || 46 ||
9.47a sakṛd aṃśo nipatati sakṛt kanyā pradīyate |
9.47c sakṛd āha dadāni-iti trīṇy etāni satāṃ sakṛt || 47 || 298
J 198
9.48a yathā go.'śva.uṣṭra.dāsīṣu mahiṣy.ajā.avikāsu ca |
9.48c na-utpādakaḥ prajābhāgī tathā-eva-anyāṅganāsv api || 48 ||
9.49a ye 'kṣetriṇo bījavantaḥ parakṣetrapravāpiṇaḥ |
9.49c te vai sasyasya jātasya na labhante phalaṃ kva cit || 49 ||
9.50a yad anyagoṣu vṛṣabho vatsānāṃ janayet-śatam |
9.50c gominām eva te vatsā moghaṃ skanditam ārṣabham || 50 ||
9.51a tathā-eva-akṣetriṇo bījaṃ parakṣetrapravāpiṇaḥ |
9.51c kurvanti kṣetriṇām arthaṃ na bījī labhate phalam || 51 ||
9.52a phalaṃ tv an.abhisandhāya kṣetriṇāṃ bījinām tathā |
9.52c pratyakṣaṃ kṣetriṇām artho bījād yonir galīyasī || 52 || 299
9.53a kriyābhyupagamāt tv etad bījārthaṃ yat pradīyate |
9.53c tasya-iha bhāginau dṛṣṭau bījī kṣetrika eva ca || 53 ||
9.54a ogha.vātāhṛtaṃ bījaṃ yasya kṣetre prarohati |
9.54c kṣetrikasya-eva tad bījaṃ na vaptā labhate phalam || 54 || 300
9.55a eṣa dharmo gava.aśvasya dāsy.uṣṭra.aja.avikasya ca |
9.55c vihaṅga.mahiṣīṇāṃ ca vijñeyaḥ prasavaṃ prati || 55 ||
9.56a etad vaḥ sāraphalgutvaṃ bīja.yonyoḥ prakīrtitam |
9.56c ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi yoṣitāṃ dharmam āpadi || 56 ||

9.1.1.5. Levirate

O edn 756-758, O tr. 193
9.57a bhrātur jyeṣṭhasya bhāryā yā gurupatny anujasya sā |
9.57c yavīyasas tu yā bhāryā snuṣā jyeṣṭhasya sā smṛtā || 57 ||
J 199
9.58a jyeṣṭho yavīyaso bhāryāṃ yavīyān vā-agrajastriyam |
9.58c patitau bhavato gatvā niyuktāv apy anāpadi || 58 ||
9.59a devarād vā sapiṇḍād vā striyā samyak-niyuktayā |
9.59c prajā-īpsitāa-adhigantavyā santānasya parikṣaye || 59 ||
9.60a vidhavāyāṃ niyuktas tu ghṛtākto vāgyato niśi |
9.60c ekam utpādayet putraṃ na dvitīyaṃ kathaṃ cana || 60 ||
9.61a dvitīyam eke prajanaṃ manyante strīṣu tadvidaḥ |
9.61c a.nirvṛtaṃ niyogārthaṃ paśyanto dharmatas tayoḥ || 61 || 301
9.62a vidhavāyāṃ niyogārthe nirvṛtte tu yathāvidhi | 302
9.62c guruvat-ca snuṣāvat-ca varteyātāṃ parasparam || 62 ||
9.63a niyuktau yau vidhiṃ hitvā varteyātāṃ tu kāmataḥ |
9.63c tāv ubhau patitau syātāṃ snuṣāga.gurutalpagau || 63 ||
9.64a na-anyasmin vidhavā nārī niyoktavyā dvijātibhiḥ |
9.64c anyasmin hi niyuñjānā dharmaṃ hanyuḥ sanātanam || 64 ||
9.65a na-udvāhikeṣu mantreṣu niyogaḥ kīrtyate kva cit |
9.65c na vivāhavidhāv uktaṃ vidhavāvedanaṃ punaḥ || 65 ||
9.66a ayaṃ dvijair hi vidvadbhiḥ paśudharmo vigarhitaḥ |
9.66c manuṣyāṇām api prokto vene rājyaṃ praśāsati || 66 ||
9.67a sa mahīm akhilāṃ bhuñjan rājarṣipravaraḥ purā |
9.67c varṇānāṃ saṅkaraṃ cakre kāma.upahata.cetanaḥ || 67 ||
J 200
9.68a tataḥ prabhṛti yo mohāt pramīta.patikāṃ striyam |
9.68c niyojayaty apatyārthaṃ taṃ vigarhanti sādhavaḥ || 68 ||
9.69a yasyā mriyeta kanyāyā vācā satye kṛte patiḥ |
9.69c tām anena vidhānena nijo vindeta devaraḥ || 69 ||
9.70a yathāvidhi-adhigamya-enāṃ śukla.vastrāṃ śuci.vratām |
9.70c mitho bhajeta-ā prasavāt sakṛt.sakṛd ṛtāv.ṛtau || 70 ||

9.1.1.6. Contract of Betrothal

O edn 759, O tr. 193
9.71a na dattvā kasya cit kanyāṃ punar dadyād vicakṣaṇaḥ |
9.71c dattvā punaḥ prayacchan hi prāpnoti puruṣānṛtam || 71 ||
9.72a vidhivat pratigṛhya-api tyajet kanyāṃ vigarhitām |
9.72c vyādhitāṃ vipraduṣṭāṃ vā chadmanā ca-upapāditām || 72 ||
9.73a yas tu doṣavatīṃ kanyām an.ākhyāya-upapādayet |
9.73c tasya tad vitathaṃ kuryāt kanyādātur durātmanaḥ || 73 ||

9.1.1.7. Absence of Husband

O edn 759, O tr. 193-194
9.74a vidhāya vṛttiṃ bhāryāyāḥ pravaset kāryavān naraḥ |
9.74c avṛttikarśitā hi strī praduṣyet sthitimaty api || 74 ||
9.75a vidhāya proṣite vṛttiṃ jīven niyamam āsthitā |
9.75c proṣite tv a.vidhāya-eva jīvet-śilpair agarhitaiḥ || 75 ||
9.76a proṣito dharmakāryārthaṃ pratīkṣyo 'ṣṭau naraḥ samāḥ |
9.76c vidyārthaṃ ṣaḍ yaśo.'rthaṃ vā kāmārthaṃ trīṃs tu vatsarān || 76 ||

9.1.1.8. Repudiation of a Wife

O edn 760-761, O tr. 194
9.77a saṃvatsaraṃ pratīkṣeta dviṣantīṃ yoṣitaṃ patiḥ | 303
9.77c ūrdhvaṃ saṃvatsarāt tv enāṃ dāyaṃ hṛtvā na saṃvaset || 77 ||
J 201
9.78a atikrāmet pramattaṃ yā mattaṃ rogārtam eva vā |
9.78c sā trīn māsān parityājyā vibhūṣaṇa.paricchadā || 78 ||
9.79a unmattaṃ patitaṃ klībam a.bījaṃ pāparogiṇam |
9.79c na tyāgo 'sti dviṣantyāś ca na ca dāyāpavartanam || 79 ||
9.80a madyapā-asādhuvṛttā ca pratikūlā ca yā bhavet | 304
9.80c vyādhitā vā-adhivettavyā hiṃsrā-arthaghnī ca sarvadā || 80 ||
9.81a vandhyāṣṭame 'dhivedyā-'bde daśame tu mṛta.prajā |
9.81c ekādaśe strījananī sadyas tv apriyavādinī || 81 ||
9.82a yā rogiṇī syāt tu hitā sampannā ca-eva śīlataḥ |
9.82c sā-anujñāpya-adhivettavyā na-avamānyā ca karhi cit || 82 ||
9.83a adhivinnā tu yā nārī nirgacched ruṣitā gṛhāt |
9.83c sā sadyaḥ sanniroddhavyā tyājyā vā kulasannidhau || 83 ||
9.84a pratiṣiddhā-api ced yā tu madyam abhyudayeṣv api | 305
9.84c prekṣā.samājaṃ gacched vā sā daṇḍyā kṛṣṇalāni ṣaṭ || 84 ||

9.1.1.9. Seniority among Wives

O edn 761-762, O tr. 194
9.85a yadi svāś ca-aparāś ca-eva vinderan yoṣito dvijāḥ |
9.85c tāsāṃ varṇakrameṇa syāj jyeṣṭhyaṃ pūjā ca veśma ca || 85 ||
9.86a bhartuḥ śarīraśuśrūṣāṃ dharmakāryaṃ ca naityakam |
9.86c svā ca-eva kuryāt sarveṣāṃ na-asvajātiḥ kathaṃ cana || 86 || 306
9.87a yas tu tat kārayen mohāt sa.jātyā sthitayā-anyayā |
9.87c yathā brāhmaṇacāṇḍālaḥ pūrvadṛṣṭas tathā-eva saḥ || 87 ||
J 202

9.1.1.10. Marriage of Daughters

O edn 762-765, O tr. 194-195
9.88a utkṛṣṭāya-abhirūpāya varāya sadṛśāya ca |
9.88c aprāptām api tāṃ tasmai kanyāṃ dadyād yathāvidhi || 88 ||
9.89a kāmam ā maraṇāt tiṣṭhed gṛhe kanyā-ṛtumaty api |
9.89c na ca-eva-enāṃ prayaccet tu guṇa.hīnāya karhi cit || 89 ||
9.90a trīṇi varṣāṇy udīkṣeta kumāry ṛtumatī satī |
9.90c ūrdhvaṃ tu kālād etasmād vindeta sadṛśaṃ patim || 90 ||
9.91a a.dīyamānā bhartāram adhigacched yadi svayam |
9.91c na-enaḥ kiṃ cid avāpnoti na ca yaṃ sā-adhigacchati || 91 ||
9.92a alaṅkāraṃ na-ādadīta pitryaṃ kanyā svayaṃvarā |
9.92c mātṛkaṃ bhrātṛdattaṃ vā stenā syād yadi taṃ haret || 92 ||
9.93a pitre na dadyāt-śulkaṃ tu kanyām ṛtumatīṃ haran |
9.93c sa ca svāmyād atikrāmed ṛtūnāṃ pratirodhanāt || 93 ||
9.94a triṃśadvarṣo vahet kanyāṃ hṛdyāṃ dvādaśavārṣikīm |
9.94c tryaṣṭavarṣo 'ṣṭavarṣāṃ vā dharme sīdati satvaraḥ || 94 ||
9.95a devadattāṃ patir bhāryāṃ vindate na-icchayā-ātmanaḥ |
9.95c tāṃ sādhvīṃ bibhṛyān nityaṃ devānāṃ priyam ācaran || 95 ||
9.96a prajanārthaṃ striyaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ santānārthaṃ ca mānavaḥ |
9.96c tasmāt sādhāraṇo dharmaḥ śrutau patnyā saha.uditaḥ || 96 ||
9.97a kanyāyāṃ datta.śulkāyāṃ mriyeta yadi śulkadaḥ |
9.97c devarāya pradātavyā yadi kanyā-anumanyate || 97 ||
J 203
9.98a ādadīta na śūdro 'pi śulkaṃ duhitaraṃ dadan |
9.98c śulkaṃ hi gṛhṇan kurute channaṃ duhitṛvikrayam || 98 ||
9.99a etat tu na pare cakrur na-apare jātu sādhavaḥ |
9.99c yad anyasya pratijñāya punar anyasya dīyate || 99 ||
9.100a na-anuśuśruma jātu-etat pūrveṣv api hi janmasu |
9.100c śulka.sañjñena mūlyena channaṃ duhitṛvikrayam || 100 ||
9.101a anyonyasya-avyabhicāro bhaved ā.maraṇāntikaḥ |
9.101c eṣa dharmaḥ samāsena jñeyaḥ strī.puṃsayoḥ paraḥ || 101 ||
9.102a tathā nityaṃ yateyātāṃ strī.puṃsau tu kṛta.kriyau |
9.102c yathā nābhicaretāṃ tau viyuktāv itaretaram || 102 || 307
9.103a eṣa strī.puṃsayor ukto dharmo vo ratisaṃhitaḥ |
9.103c āpady apatyaprāptiś ca dāyadharmaṃ nibodhata || 103 ||

9.1.2. Grounds of Litigation-XVII Partition of Inheritance

O edn 765-787, O tr. 195-201
9.104a ūrdhvaṃ pituś ca mātuś ca sametya bhrātaraḥ samam |
9.104c bhajeran paitṛkaṃ riktham anīśās te hi jīvatoḥ || 104 ||

9.1.2.1. Primogeniture

O edn 766, O tr. 195
9.105a jyeṣṭha eva tu gṛhṇīyāt pitryaṃ dhanam aśeṣataḥ |
9.105c śeṣās tam upajīveyur yathā-eva pitaraṃ tathā || 105 ||
9.106a jyeṣṭhena jātamātreṇa putrī bhavati mānavaḥ |
9.106c pitṝṇām an.ṛṇaś ca-eva sa tasmāt sarvam arhati || 106 ||
9.107a yasminn ṛṇaṃ sannayati yena ca-anantyam aśnute |
9.107c sa eva dharmajaḥ putraḥ kāmajān itarān viduḥ || 107 ||
J 204
9.108a pitā-iva pālayet pūtrān jyeṣṭho bhrātṝṇ yavīyasaḥ |
9.108c putravat-ca-api varteran jyeṣṭhe bhrātari dharmataḥ || 108 ||
9.109a jyeṣṭhaḥ kulaṃ vardhayati vināśayati vā punaḥ |
9.109c jyeṣṭhaḥ pūjyatamo loke jyeṣṭhaḥ sadbhir a.garhitaḥ || 109 ||
9.110a yo jyeṣṭho jyeṣṭha.vṛttiḥ syān mātā-iva sa pitā-iva saḥ |
9.110c a.jyeṣṭhavṛttir yas tu syāt sa sampūjyas tu bandhuvat || 110 ||

9.1.2.2. Partition and Seniority

O edn 767-768, O tr. 195-196
9.111a evaṃ saha vaseyur vā pṛthag vā dharmakāmyayā |
9.111c pṛthag vivardhate dharmas tasmād dharmyā pṛthakkriyā || 111 ||
9.112a jyeṣṭhasya viṃśa uddhāraḥ sarvadravyāc ca yad varam |
9.112c tato 'rdhaṃ madhyamasya syāt turīyaṃ tu yavīyasaḥ || 112 ||
9.113a jyeṣṭhaś ca-eva kaniṣṭhaś ca saṃharetāṃ yathā.uditam |
9.113c ye 'nye jyeṣṭha.kaniṣṭhābhyāṃ teṣāṃ syān madhyamaṃ dhanam || 113 ||
9.114a sarveṣāṃ dhanajātānām ādadīta-agryam agrajaḥ |
9.114c yac ca sātiśayaṃ kiṃ cid daśataś ca-āpnuyād varam || 114 ||
9.115a uddhāro na daśasv asti sampannānāṃ svakarmasu |
9.115c yat kiṃ cid eva deyaṃ tu jyāyase māna.vardhanam || 115 ||
9.116a evaṃ samuddhṛta.uddhāre samān aṃśān prakalpayet |
9.116c uddhāre 'n.uddhṛte tv eṣām iyaṃ syād aṃśakalpanā || 116 ||
9.117a ekādhikaṃ harej jyeṣṭhaḥ putro 'dhyardhaṃ tato 'nujaḥ |
9.117c aṃśam aṃśaṃ yavīyāṃsa iti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ || 117 ||
J 205
9.118a svebhyo 'ṃśebhyas tu kanyābhyaḥ pradadyur bhrātaraḥ pṛthak | 308
9.118c svāt svād aṃśāc caturbhāgaṃ patitāḥ syur aditsavaḥ || 118 ||
9.119a aja.āvikaṃ sa.ekaśaphaṃ na jātu viṣamaṃ bhajet | 309
9.119c aja.āvikaṃ tu viṣamaṃ jyeṣṭhasya-eva vidhīyate || 119 ||

9.1.2.3. Seniority of Leviratic Sons

O edn 768, O tr. 196
9.120a yavīyān-jyeṣṭhabhāryāyāṃ putram utpādayed yadi |
9.120c samas tatra vibhāgaḥ syād iti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ || 120 ||
9.121a upasarjanaṃ pradhānasya dharmato na-upapadyate |
9.121c pitā pradhānaṃ prajane tasmād dharmeṇa taṃ bhajet || 121 ||

9.1.2.4. Seniority among Sons of Different Wives

O edn 768-769, O tr. 196
9.122a putraḥ kaniṣṭho jyeṣṭhāyāṃ kaniṣṭhāyāṃ ca pūrvajaḥ |
9.122c kathaṃ tatra vibhāgaḥ syād iti cet saṃśayo bhavet || 122 ||
9.123a ekaṃ vṛṣabham uddhāraṃ saṃhareta sa pūrvajaḥ |
9.123c tato 'pare jyeṣṭhavṛṣās tad.ūnānāṃ svamātṛtaḥ || 123 ||
9.124a jyeṣṭhas tu jāto jyeṣṭhāyāṃ hared vṛṣabha.ṣoḍaśāḥ |
9.124c tataḥ svamātṛtaḥ śeṣā bhajerann iti dhāraṇā || 124 ||
9.125a sadṛśastrīṣu jātānāṃ putrāṇām aviśeṣataḥ |
9.125c na mātṛto jyaiṣṭhyam asti janmato jyaiṣṭhyam ucyate || 125 ||
9.126a janmajyeṣṭhena ca-āhvānaṃ subrahmaṇyāsv api smṛtam |
9.126c yamayoś ca-eva garbheṣu janmato jyeṣṭhatā smṛtā || 126 ||

9.1.2.5. ``Female-Son'' and Her Sons

O edn 769-772, O tr. 196-197
9.127a a.putro 'nena vidhinā sutāṃ kurvīta putrikām |
9.127c yad apatyaṃ bhaved asyāṃ tan mama syāt svadhākaram || 127 ||
J 206
9.128a anena tu vidhānena purā cakre 'tha putrikāḥ |
9.128c vivṛddhyarthaṃ svavaṃśasya svayaṃ dakṣaḥ prajāpatiḥ || 128 ||
9.129a dadau sa daśa dharmāya kaśyapāya trayodaśa |
9.129c somāya rājñe satkṛtya prīta.ātmā saptaviṃśatim || 129 ||
9.130a yathā-eva-ātmā tathā putraḥ putreṇa duhitā samā |
9.130c tasyām ātmani tiṣṭhantyāṃ katham anyo dhanaṃ haret || 130 ||
9.131a mātus tu yautakaṃ yat syāt kumārībhāga eva saḥ |
9.131c dauhitra eva ca hared a.putrasya-akhilaṃ dhanam || 131 ||
9.132a dauhitro hy a.khilaṃ riktham a.putrasya pitur haret |
9.132c sa eva dadyād dvau piṇḍau pitre mātāmahāya ca || 132 ||
9.133a pautra.dauhitrayor loke na viśeṣo 'sti dharmataḥ |
9.133c tayor hi mātā.pitarau sambhūtau tasya dehataḥ || 133 ||
9.134a putrikāyāṃ kṛtāyāṃ tu yadi putro 'nujāyate |
9.134c samas tatra vibhāgaḥ syāt-jyeṣṭhatā na-asti hi striyāḥ || 134 ||
9.135a a.putrāyāṃ mṛtāyāṃ tu putrikāyāṃ kathaṃ cana |
9.135c dhanaṃ tat putrikābhartā hareta-eva-a.vicārayan || 135 ||
9.136a akṛtā vā kṛtā vā-api yaṃ vindet sadṛśāt sutam |
9.136c pautrī mātāmahas tena dadyāt piṇḍaṃ hared dhanam || 136 ||
9.137a putreṇa lokān-jayati pautreṇa-ānantyam aśnute |
9.137c atha putrasya pautreṇa bradhnasya-āpnoti viṣṭapam || 137 ||
J 207
9.138a put.nāmno narakād yasmāt trāyate pitaraṃ sutaḥ |
9.138c tasmāt putra iti proktaḥ svayam eva svayambhuvā || 138 ||
9.139a pautra.dauhitrayor loke viśeṣo na-upapadyate |
9.139c dauhitro 'pi hy amutra-enaṃ santārayati pautravat || 139 ||
9.140a mātuḥ prathamataḥ piṇḍaṃ nirvapet putrikāsutaḥ |
9.140c dvitīyaṃ tu pitus tasyās tṛtīyaṃ tatpituḥ pituḥ || 140 ||

9.1.2.6. Adopted Son

O edn 772, O tr. 197
9.141a upapanno guṇaiḥ sarvaiḥ putro yasya tu dattrimaḥ |
9.141c sa hareta-eva tadrikthaṃ samprāpto 'py anyagotrataḥ || 141 ||
9.142a gotra.rikthe janayitur na hared dattrimaḥ kva cit |
9.142c gotra.rikthānugaḥ piṇḍo vyapaiti dadataḥ svadhā || 142 ||

9.1.2.7. Leviratic Sons

O edn 772-773, O tr. 197
9.143a aniyuktāsutaś ca-eva putriṇyā-āptaś ca devarāt |
9.143c ubhau tau na-arhato bhāgaṃ jārajātaka.kāmajau || 143 ||
9.144a niyuktāyām api pumān nāryāṃ jāto 'vidhānataḥ |
9.144c na-eva-arhaḥ paitṛkaṃ rikthaṃ patita.utpādito hi saḥ || 144 ||
9.145a haret tatra niyuktāyāṃ jātaḥ putro yathā-aurasaḥ |
9.145c kṣetrikasya tu tad bījaṃ dharmataḥ prasavaś ca saḥ || 145 ||
9.146a dhanaṃ yo bibhṛyād bhrātur mṛtasya striyam eva ca |
9.146c so 'patyaṃ bhrātur utpādya dadyāt tasya-eva taddhanam || 146 ||
9.147a yā niyuktā-anyataḥ putraṃ devarād vā-apy avāpnuyāt |
9.147c taṃ kāmajam a.rikthīyaṃ vṛthā.utpannaṃ pracakṣate || 147 || 310
J 208
9.148a etad vidhānaṃ vijñeyaṃ vibhāgasya-ekayoniṣu |
9.148c bahvīṣu ca-ekajātānāṃ nānāstrīṣu nibodhata || 148 ||

9.1.2.8. Sons by Wives of Different Castes

O edn 773-775, O tr. 198
9.149a brāhmaṇasya-anupūrvyeṇa catasras tu yadi striyaḥ |
9.149c tāsāṃ putreṣu jāteṣu vibhāge 'yaṃ vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ || 149 ||
9.150a kīnāśo govṛṣo yānam alaṅkāraś ca veśma ca |
9.150c viprasya-auddhārikaṃ deyam ekāṃśaś ca pradhānataḥ || 150 ||
9.151a tryaṃśaṃ dāyādd hared vipro dvāv aṃśau kṣatriyāsutaḥ |
9.151c vaiśyājaḥ sa.ardham eva-aṃśam aṃśaṃ śūdrāsuto haret || 151 ||
9.152a sarvaṃ vā rikthajātaṃ tad daśadhā parikalpya ca |
9.152c dharmyaṃ vibhāgaṃ kurvīta vidhinā-anena dharmavit || 152 ||
9.153a caturo 'ṃśān hared vipras trīn aṃśān kṣatriyāsutaḥ |
9.153c vaiśyāputro hared dvyaṃśaṃ aṃśaṃ śūdrāsuto haret || 153 ||
9.154a yady api syāt tu sat.putro 'py asat.putro 'pi vā bhavet | 311
9.154c na-adhikaṃ daśamād dadyāt-śūdrāputrāya dharmataḥ || 154 ||
9.155a brāhmaṇa.kṣatriya.viśāṃ śūdrāputro na rikthabhāk |
9.155c yad eva-asya pitā dadyāt tad eva-asya dhanaṃ bhavet || 155 ||
9.156a sama.varṇāsu vā jātāḥ sarve putrā dvijanmanām |
9.156c uddhāraṃ jyāyase dattvā bhajerann itare samam || 156 ||
9.157a śūdrasya tu savarṇā-eva na-anyā bhāryā vidhīyate |
9.157c tasyāṃ jātāḥ sama.aṃśāḥ syur yadi putraśataṃ bhavet || 157 ||
J 209

9.1.2.9. Twelve Types of Sons

O edn 775-780, O tr. 198-199
9.158a putrān dvādaśa yān āha nṝṇāṃ svāyambhuvo manuḥ |
9.158c teṣāṃ ṣaḍ bandhu.dāyādāḥ ṣaḍ adāyāda.bāndhavāḥ || 158 ||
9.159a aurasaḥ kṣetrajaś ca-eva dattaḥ kṛtrima eva ca |
9.159c gūḍha.utpanno 'paviddhaś ca dāyādā bāndhavāś ca ṣaṭ || 159 ||
9.160a kānīnaś ca sahoḍhaś ca krītaḥ paunarbhavas tathā |
9.160c svayandattaś ca śaudraś ca ṣaḍ adāyāda.bāndhavāḥ || 160 ||
9.161a yādṛśaṃ phalam āpnoti kuplavaiḥ santaran-jalam |
9.161c tādṛśaṃ phalam āpnoti kuputraiḥ santaraṃs tamaḥ || 161 ||
9.162a yady ekarikthinau syātām aurasa.kṣetrajau sutau |
9.162c yasya yat paitṛkaṃ rikthaṃ sa tad gṛhṇīta na-itaraḥ || 162 ||
9.163a eka eva-aurasaḥ putraḥ pitryasya vasunaḥ prabhuḥ |
9.163c śeṣāṇām ānṛśaṃsyārthaṃ pradadyāt tu prajīvanam || 163 ||
9.164a ṣaṣṭhaṃ tu kṣetrajasya-aṃśaṃ pradadyāt paitṛkād dhanāt |
9.164c auraso vibhajan dāyaṃ pitryaṃ pañcamam eva vā || 164 ||
9.165a aurasa.kṣetrajau putrau pitṛrikthasya bhāginau |
9.165c daśa-apare tu kramaśo gotra.rikthāṃśabhāginaḥ || 165 ||
9.166a svakṣetre saṃskṛtāyāṃ tu svayam utpādayedd hi yam |
9.166c tam aurasaṃ vijānīyāt putraṃ prāthamakalpikam || 166 ||
9.167a yas talpajaḥ pramītasya klībasya vyādhitasya vā |
9.167c svadharmeṇa niyuktāyāṃ sa putraḥ kṣetrajaḥ smṛtaḥ || 167 ||
J 210
9.168a mātā pitā vā dadyātāṃ yam adbhiḥ putram āpadi |
9.168c sadṛśaṃ prītisaṃyuktaṃ sa jñeyo dattrimaḥ sutaḥ || 168 ||
9.169a sadṛśaṃ tu prakuryād yaṃ guṇa.doṣa.vicakṣaṇam |
9.169c putraṃ putraguṇair yuktaṃ sa vijñeyaś ca kṛtrimaḥ || 169 ||
9.170a utpadyate gṛhe yas tu na ca jñāyeta kasya saḥ |
9.170c sa gṛhe gūḍha utpannas tasya syād yasya talpajaḥ || 170 ||
9.171a mātā.pitṛbhyām utsṛṣṭaṃ tayor anyatareṇa vā |
9.171c yaṃ putraṃ parigṛhṇīyād apaviddhaḥ sa ucyate || 171 ||
9.172a pitṛveśmani kanyā tu yaṃ putraṃ janayed rahaḥ |
9.172c taṃ kānīnaṃ vaden nāmnā voḍhuḥ kanyā.samudbhavam || 172 ||
9.173a yā garbhiṇī saṃskriyate jñātā.ajñātā-api vā satī |
9.173c voḍhuḥ sa garbho bhavati sahoḍha iti ca-ucyate || 173 ||
9.174a krīṇīyād yas tv apatyārthaṃ mātā.pitror yam antikāt |
9.174c sa krītakaḥ sutas tasya sadṛśo 'sadṛśo 'pi vā || 174 ||
9.175a yā patyā vā parityaktā vidhavā vā svayā-icchayā |
9.175c utpādayet punar bhūtvā sa paunarbhava ucyate || 175 ||
9.176a sā ced akṣata.yoniḥ syād gata.pratyāgatā-api vā |
9.176c paunarbhavena bhartrā sā punaḥ saṃskāram arhati || 176 ||
9.177a mātā.pitṛ.vihīno yas tyakto vā syād akāraṇāt |
9.177c ātmānam arpayed yasmai svayandattas tu sa smṛtaḥ || 177 ||
J 211
9.178a yaṃ brāhmaṇas tu śūdrāyāṃ kāmād utpādayet sutam |
9.178c sa pārayann eva śavas tasmāt pāraśavaḥ smṛtaḥ || 178 ||
9.179a dāsyāṃ vā dāsadāsyāṃ vā yaḥ śūdrasya suto bhavet |
9.179c so 'nujñāto hared aṃśam iti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ || 179 ||
9.180a kṣetraja.ādīn sutān etān ekādaśa yathā.uditān |
9.180c putrapratinidhīn āhuḥ kriyālopān manīṣiṇaḥ || 180 ||
9.181a ya ete 'bhihitāḥ putrāḥ prasaṅgād anyabījajāḥ |
9.181c yasya te bījato jātās tasya te na-itarasya tu || 181 ||
9.182a bhrātṝṇām ekajātānām ekaś cet putravān bhavet |
9.182c sarvāṃs tāṃs tena putreṇa putriṇo manur abravīt || 182 ||
9.183a sarvāsām eka.patnīnām ekā cet putriṇī bhavet |
9.183c sarvās tās tena putreṇa prāha putravatīr manuḥ || 183 ||
9.184a śreyasaḥ śreyaso 'lābhe pāpīyān riktham arhati |
9.184c bahavaś cet tu sadṛśāḥ sarve rikthasya bhāginaḥ || 184 ||
9.185a na bhrātaro na pitaraḥ putrā rikthaharāḥ pituḥ |
9.185c pitā hared a.putrasya rikthaṃ bhrātara eva ca || 185 ||

9.1.2.10. Alternative Heirs

O edn 781-782, O tr. 199-200
9.186a trayāṇām udakaṃ kāryaṃ triṣu piṇḍaḥ pravartate |
9.186c caturthaḥ sampradātā-eṣāṃ pañcamo na-upapadyate || 186 ||
9.187a anantaraḥ sapiṇḍād yas tasya tasya dhanaṃ bhavet |
9.187c ata ūrdhvaṃ sakulyaḥ syād ācāryaḥ śiṣya eva vā || 187 ||
J 212
9.188a sarveṣām apy abhāve tu brāhmaṇā rikthabhāginaḥ |
9.188c traividyāḥ śucayo dāntās tathā dharmo na hīyate || 188 ||
9.189a a.hāryaṃ brāhmaṇadravyaṃ rājñā nityam iti sthitiḥ |
9.189c itareṣāṃ tu varṇānāṃ sarva.abhāve haren nṛpaḥ || 189 ||
9.190a saṃsthitasya-an.apatyasya sagotrāt putram āharet |
9.190c tatra yad rikthajātaṃ syāt tat tasmin pratipādayet || 190 ||
9.191a dvau tu yau vivadeyātāṃ dvābhyāṃ jātau striyā dhane |
9.191c tayor yad yasya pitryaṃ syāt tat sa gṛhṇīta na-itaraḥ || 191 ||

9.1.2.11. Women's Property

O edn 782-783, O tr. 200
9.192a jananyāṃ saṃsthitāyāṃ tu samaṃ sarve saha.udarāḥ |
9.192c bhajeran mātṛkaṃ rikthaṃ bhaginyaś ca sa.nābhayaḥ || 192 ||
9.193a yās tāsāṃ syur duhitaras tāsām api yathārhataḥ | 312
9.193c mātāmahyā dhanāt kiṃ cit pradeyaṃ prītipūrvakam || 193 ||
9.194a adhyagni.adhyāvāhanikaṃ dattaṃ ca prītikarmaṇi |
9.194c bhrātṛ.mātṛ.pitṛprāptaṃ ṣaḍvidhaṃ strīdhanaṃ smṛtam || 194 ||
9.195a anvādheyaṃ ca yad dattaṃ patyā prītena ca-eva yat |
9.195c patyau jīvati vṛttāyāḥ prajāyās tad dhanaṃ bhavet || 195 ||
9.196a brāhma.daiva.ārṣa.gāndharva.prājāpatyeṣu yad vasu |
9.196c a.prajāyām atītāyāṃ bhartur eva tad iṣyate || 196 ||
9.197a yat tv asyāḥ syād dhanaṃ dattaṃ vivāheṣv āsura.ādiṣu |
9.197c a.prajāyām atītāyāṃ mātā.pitros tad iṣyate || 197 ||
J 213
9.198a striyāṃ tu yad bhaved vittaṃ pitrā dattaṃ kathaṃ cana |
9.198c brāhmaṇī tadd haret kanyā tadapatyasya vā bhavet || 198 ||
9.199a na nirhāraṃ striyaḥ kuryuḥ kuṭumbād bahumadhyagāt |
9.199c svakād api ca vittādd hi svasya bhartur anājñayā || 199 ||
9.200a patyau jīvati yaḥ strībhir alaṅkāro dhṛto bhavet |
9.200c na taṃ bhajeran dāyādā bhajamānāḥ patanti te || 200 ||

9.1.2.12. Disqualification from Inheritance

O edn 783-784, O tr. 200
9.201a an.aṃśau klība.patitau jātyandha.badhirau tathā |
9.201c unmatta.jaḍa.mūkāś ca ye ca ke cin nir.indriyāḥ || 201 ||
9.202a sarveṣām api tu nyāyyaṃ dātuṃ śaktyā manīṣiṇā |
9.202c grāsa.ācchādanam atyantaṃ patito hy a.dadad bhavet || 202 ||
9.203a yady arthitā tu dāraiḥ syāt klībādīnāṃ kathaṃ cana |
9.203c teṣām utpanna.tantūnām apatyaṃ dāyam arhati || 203 ||

9.1.2.13. Partition of Non-ancestral Property

O edn 784-785, O tr. 200-201
9.204a yat kiṃ cit pitari prete dhanaṃ jyeṣṭho 'dhigacchati |
9.204c bhāgo yavīyasāṃ tatra yadi vidyānupālinaḥ || 204 ||
9.205a a.vidyānāṃ tu sarveṣāṃ īhātaś ced dhanaṃ bhavet |
9.205c samas tatra vibhāgaḥ syād apitrya iti dhāraṇā || 205 ||
9.206a vidyādhanaṃ tu yady asya tat tasya-eva dhanaṃ bhavet |
9.206c maitryam audvāhikaṃ ca-eva mādhuparkikam eva ca || 206 ||
9.207a bhrātṝṇāṃ yas tu na-īheta dhanaṃ śaktaḥ svakarmaṇā |
9.207c sa nirbhājyaḥ svakād aṃśāt kiṃ cid dattvā-upajīvanam || 207 ||
J 214
9.208a an.upaghnan pitṛdravyaṃ śrameṇa yad upārjitam |
9.208c svayam īhitalabdhaṃ tan na-a.kāmo dātum arhati || 208 ||
9.209a paitṛkaṃ tu pitā dravyam anavāptaṃ yad āpnuyāt |
9.209c na tat putrair bhajet sārdham a.kāmaḥ svayam arjitam || 209 ||

9.1.2.14. Miscellaneous Rules of Partition

O edn 785-787, O tr. 201
9.210a vibhaktāḥ saha jīvanto vibhajeran punar yadi |
9.210c samas tatra vibhāgaḥ syāj jyaiṣṭhyaṃ tatra na vidyate || 210 ||
9.211a yeṣāṃ jyeṣṭhaḥ kaniṣṭho vā hīyeta-aṃśapradānataḥ |
9.211c mriyeta-anyataro vā-api tasya bhāgo na lupyate || 211 ||
9.212a sodaryā vibhajeraṃs taṃ sametya sahitāḥ samam |
9.212c bhrātaro ye ca saṃsṛṣṭā bhāginyaś ca sa.nābhayaḥ || 212 ||
9.213a yo jyeṣṭho vinikurvīta lobhād bhrātṝn yavīyasaḥ |
9.213c so 'jyeṣṭhaḥ syād a.bhāgaś ca niyantavyaś ca rājabhiḥ || 213 ||
9.214a sarva eva vikarmasthā na-arhanti bhrātaro dhanam |
9.214c na ca-a.dattvā kaniṣṭhebhyo jyeṣṭhaḥ kurvīta yautakam || 214 ||
9.215a bhrātṝṇām a.vibhaktānāṃ yady utthānaṃ bhavet saha |
9.215c na putrabhāgaṃ viṣamaṃ pitā dadyāt kathaṃ cana || 215 ||
9.216a ūrdhvaṃ vibhāgāt-jātas tu pitryam eva hared dhanam |
9.216c saṃsṛṣṭās tena vā ye syur vibhajeta sa taiḥ saha || 216 ||
9.217a an.apatyasya putrasya mātā dāyam avāpnuyāt |
9.217c mātary api ca vṛttāyāṃ pitur mātā hared dhanam || 217 ||
J 215
9.218a ṛṇe dhane ca sarvasmin pravibhakte yathāvidhi |
9.218c paścād dṛśyeta yat kiṃ cit tat sarvaṃ samatāṃ nayet || 218 ||
9.219a vastraṃ patram alaṅkāraṃ kṛtānnam udakaṃ striyaḥ |
9.219c yogakṣemaṃ pracāraṃ ca na vibhājyaṃ pracakṣate || 219 ||
9.220a ayam ukto vibhāgo vaḥ putrāṇāṃ ca kriyāvidhiḥ |
9.220c kramaśaḥ kṣetrajādīnāṃ dyūtadharmaṃ nibodhata || 220 ||

9.1.3. Grounds of Litigation-XVIII Gambling and Betting

O edn 787-788, O tr. 201-202
9.221a dyūtaṃ samāhvayaṃ ca-eva rājā rāṣṭrāt-nivārayet |
9.221c rājāntakaraṇāv etau dvau doṣau pṛthivīkṣitām || 221 ||
9.222a prakāśam etat tāskaryaṃ yad devana.samāhvayau |
9.222c tayor nityaṃ pratīghāte nṛpatir yatnavān bhavet || 222 ||
9.223a aprāṇibhir yat kriyate tat-loke dyūtam ucyate |
9.223c prāṇibhiḥ kriyate yas tu sa vijñeyaḥ samāhvayaḥ || 223 ||
9.224a dyūtaṃ samāhvayaṃ ca-eva yaḥ kuryāt kārayeta vā |
9.224c tān sarvān ghātayed rājā śūdrāṃś ca dvijaliṅginaḥ || 224 ||
9.225a kitavān kuśīlavān krūrān pāṣaṇḍasthāṃś ca mānavān |
9.225c vikarmasthān śauṇḍikāṃś ca kṣipraṃ nirvāsayet purāt || 225 ||
9.226a ete rāṣṭre vartamānā rājñaḥ prachannataskarāḥ |
9.226c vikarmakriyayā nityaṃ bādhante bhadrikāḥ prajāḥ || 226 ||
9.227a dyūtam etat purā kalpe dṛṣṭaṃ vairakaraṃ mahat |
9.227c tasmād dyūtaṃ na seveta hāsyārtham api buddhimān || 227 ||
J 216
9.228a pracchannaṃ vā prakāśaṃ vā tat-niṣeveta yo naraḥ |
9.228c tasya daṇḍavikalpaḥ syād yathā.iṣṭaṃ nṛpates tathā || 228 ||

9.1.4. Excursus: Types of Punishment

O edn 788-793, O tr. 202-203
9.229a kṣatra.viś.śūdrayonis tu daṇḍaṃ dātum aśaknuvan |
9.229c ānṛṇyaṃ karmaṇā gacched vipro dadyāt-śanaiḥ śanaiḥ || 229 ||
9.230a strī.bāla.unmatta.vṛddhānāṃ daridrāṇāṃ ca rogiṇām |
9.230c śiphā.vidala.rajju.ādyair vidadhyāt-nṛpatir damam || 230 ||
9.231a ye niyuktās tu kāryeṣu hanyuḥ kāryāṇi kāryiṇām |
9.231c dhana.uṣmaṇā pacyamānās tān niḥ.svān kārayen nṛpaḥ || 231 ||
9.232a kūṭaśāsanakartṝṃś ca prakṛtīnāṃ ca dūṣakān |
9.232c strī.bāla.brāhmaṇaghnāṃś ca hanyād dviṣ.sevinas tathā || 232 ||
9.233a tīritaṃ ca-anuśiṣṭaṃ ca yatra kva cana yad bhavet |
9.233c kṛtaṃ tad dharmato vidyāt-na tad bhūyo nivartayet || 233 ||
9.234a amātyāḥ prāḍvivāko vā yat kuryuḥ kāryam anyathā |
9.234c tat svayaṃ nṛpatiḥ kuryāt tān sahasraṃ ca daṇḍayet || 234 || 313

9.1.4.1. Grievous Sins Causing Loss of Caste

O edn 790-793, O tr. 202-203
9.235a brahmahā ca surāpaś ca steyī ca gurutalpagaḥ | 314
9.235c ete sarve pṛthag jñeyā mahāpātakino narāḥ || 235 ||
9.236a caturṇām api ca-eteṣāṃ prāyaścittam a.kurvatām |
9.236c śārīraṃ dhanasaṃyuktaṃ daṇḍaṃ dharmyaṃ prakalpayet || 236 ||
9.237a gurutalpe bhagaḥ kāryaḥ surāpāne surādhvajaḥ |
9.237c steye ca śvapadaṃ kāryaṃ brahmahaṇy a.śirāḥ pumān || 237 || 315
J 217
9.238a a.sambhojyā hy a.saṃyājyā a.sampāṭhyā '.vivāhinaḥ |
9.238c careyuḥ pṛthivīṃ dīnāḥ sarvadharmabahiṣkṛtāḥ || 238 ||
9.239a jñāti.sambandhibhis tv ete tyaktavyāḥ kṛta.lakṣaṇāḥ |
9.239c nir.dayā nir.namaskārās tan manor anuśāsanam || 239 ||
9.240a prāyaścittaṃ tu kurvāṇāḥ sarvavarṇā yathoditam | 316
9.240c na-aṅkyā rājñā lalāṭe syur dāpyās tu-uttamasāhasam || 240 ||
9.241a āgaḥsu brāhmaṇasya-eva kāryo madhyamasāhasaḥ |
9.241c vivāsyo vā bhaved rāṣṭrāt sa.dravyaḥ sa.paricchadaḥ || 241 ||
9.242a itare kṛtavantas tu pāpāny etāny akāmataḥ |
9.242c sarvasvahāram arhanti kāmatas tu pravāsanam || 242 ||
9.243a na-ādadīta nṛpaḥ sādhur mahāpātakino dhanam |
9.243c ādadānas tu tat-lobhāt tena doṣeṇa lipyate || 243 ||
9.244a apsu praveśya taṃ daṇḍaṃ varuṇāya-upapādayet |
9.244c śruta.vṛtta.upapanne vā brāhmaṇe pratipādayet || 244 ||
9.245a īśo daṇḍasya varuṇo rājñāṃ daṇḍadharo hi saḥ |
9.245c īśaḥ sarvasya jagato brāhmaṇo vedapāragaḥ || 245 ||
9.246a yatra varjayate rājā pāpakṛdbhyo dhanāgamam |
9.246c tatra kālena jāyante mānavā dīrghajīvinaḥ || 246 ||
9.247a niṣpadyante ca sasyāni yathā.uptāni viśāṃ pṛthak |
9.247c bālāś ca na pramīyante vikṛtaṃ ca na jāyate || 247 ||
J 218
9.248a brāhmaṇān bādhamānaṃ tu kāmād avaravarṇajam |
9.248c hanyāc citrair vadha.upāyair udvejanakarair nṛpaḥ || 248 ||
9.249a yāvān a.vadhyasya vadhe tāvān vadhyasya mokṣaṇe |
9.249c adharmo nṛpater dṛṣṭo dharmas tu viniyacchataḥ || 249 ||

9.1.5. Conclusion of Grounds for Litigation

O edn 793, O tr. 203
9.250a udito 'yaṃ vistaraśo mitho vivādamānayoḥ |
9.250c aṣṭādaśasu mārgeṣu vyavahārasya nirṇayaḥ || 250 ||
9.251a evaṃ dharmyāṇi kāryāṇi samyak kurvan mahīpatiḥ |
9.251c deśān alabdhān-lipseta labdhāṃś ca paripālayet || 251 ||

9.1.6. Eradication of Thorns

O edn 793-807, O tr. 203-206
9.252a samyak.niviṣṭa.deśas tu kṛta.durgaś ca śāstrataḥ |
9.252c kaṇṭaka.uddharaṇe nityam ātiṣṭhed yatnam uttamam || 252 ||
9.253a rakṣanād āryavṛttānāṃ kaṇṭakānāṃ ca śodhanāt |
9.253c narendrās tridivaṃ yānti prajāpālana.tatparāḥ || 253 ||
9.254a a.śāsaṃs taskarān yas tu baliṃ gṛhṇāti pārthivaḥ |
9.254c tasya prakṣubhyate rāṣṭraṃ svargāc ca parihīyate || 254 ||
9.255a nirbhayaṃ tu bhaved yasya rāṣṭraṃ bāhu.balāśritam |
9.255c tasya tad vardhate nityaṃ sicyamāna iva drumaḥ || 255 ||
9.256a dvividhāṃs taskarān vidyāt paradravyāpahārakān |
9.256c prakāśāṃś ca-aprakāśāṃś ca cāra.cakṣur mahīpatiḥ || 256 ||
9.257a prakāśavañcakās teṣāṃ nānāpaṇya-upajīvinaḥ |
9.257c pracchannavañcakās tv ete ye stena.aṭavikādayaḥ || 257 ||
J 219
9.258a utkocakāś ca-aupadhikā vañcakāḥ kitavās tathā |
9.258c maṅgalādeśa.vṛttāś ca bhadrāś ca-īkṣaṇikaiḥ saha || 258 || 317
9.259a asamyakkāriṇaś ca-eva mahāmātrāś cikitsakāḥ |
9.259c śilpa.upacārayuktāś ca nipuṇāḥ paṇyayoṣitaḥ || 259 ||
9.260a evamādīn vijānīyāt prakāśāṃl lokakaṇṭakān | 318
9.260c nigūḍhacāriṇaś ca-anyān anāryān āryaliṅginaḥ || 260 ||
9.261a tān viditvā sucaritair gūḍhais tatkarmakāribhiḥ |
9.261c cāraiś ca-aneka.saṃsthānaiḥ protsādya vaśam ānayet || 261 ||
9.262a teṣāṃ doṣān abhikhyāpya sve sve karmaṇi tattvataḥ |
9.262c kurvīta śāsanaṃ rājā samyak sāra.aparādhataḥ || 262 ||
9.263a na hi daṇḍād ṛte śakyaḥ kartuṃ pāpa.vinigrahaḥ |
9.263c stenānāṃ pāpabuddhīnāṃ nibhṛtaṃ caratāṃ kṣitau || 263 ||
9.264a sabhā.prapā.apūpa.śālāveśa.madya.anna.vikrayāḥ |
9.264c catuṣpathāṃś caityavṛkṣāḥ samājāḥ prekṣaṇāni ca || 264 ||
9.265a jīrṇa.udyānāny araṇyāni kārukāveśanāni ca |
9.265c śūnyāni ca-apy agārāṇi vanāny upavanāni ca || 265 ||
9.266a evaṃvidhān nṛpo deśān gulmaiḥ sthāvara.jaṅgamaiḥ |
9.266c taskarapratiṣedhārthaṃ cāraiś ca-apy anucārayet || 266 ||
9.267a tatsahāyair anugatair nānākarmapravedibhiḥ |
9.267c vidyād utsādayec ca-eva nipuṇaiḥ pūrvataskaraiḥ || 267 ||
J 220
9.268a bhakṣya.bhojya.upadeśaiś ca brāhmaṇānāṃ ca darśanaiḥ |
9.268c śauryakarmāpadeśaiś ca kuryus teṣāṃ samāgamam || 268 ||
9.269a ye tatra na-upasarpeyur mūlapraṇihitāś ca ye |
9.269c tān prasahya nṛpo hanyāt sa.mitra.jñāti.bāndhavān || 269 ||
9.270a na ha-ūḍhena vinā cauraṃ ghātayed dhārmiko nṛpaḥ |
9.270c saha-ūḍhaṃ sa.upakaraṇaṃ ghātayed a.vicārayan || 270 ||
9.271a grāmeṣv api ca ye ke cic caurāṇāṃ bhaktadāyakāḥ |
9.271c bhāṇḍa.avakāśadāś ca-eva sarvāṃs tān api ghātayet || 271 ||
9.272a rāṣṭreṣu rakṣādhikṛtān sāmantāṃś ca-eva coditān |
9.272c abhyāghāteṣu madhyasthāñ śiṣyāc caurān iva drutam || 272 ||
9.273a yaś ca-api dharmasamayāt pracyuto dharma.jīvanaḥ |
9.273c daṇḍena-eva tam apy oṣet svakād dharmādd hi vicyutam || 273 ||
9.274a grāmaghāte hitābhaṅge pathi moṣābhidarśane |
9.274c śaktito na-abhidhāvanto nirvāsyāḥ sa.paricchadāḥ || 274 ||
9.275a rājñaḥ kośāpahartṝṃś ca pratikūleṣu ca sthitān | 319
9.275c ghātayed vividhair daṇḍair arīṇāṃ ca-upajāpakān || 275 ||
9.276a sandhiṃ chittvā tu ye cauryaṃ rātrau kurvanti taskarāḥ | 320
9.276c teṣāṃ chittvā nṛpo hastau tīkṣṇe śūle niveśayet || 276 ||
9.277a aṅgulīr granthibhedasya chedayet prathame grahe |
9.277c dvitīye hasta.caraṇau tṛtīye vadham arhati || 277 ||
J 221
9.278a agnidān bhaktadāṃś ca-eva tathā śastra.avakāśadān |
9.278c sannidhātṝṃś ca moṣasya hanyāc cauram iva-īśvaraḥ || 278 ||
9.279a taḍāgabhedakaṃ hanyād apsu śuddhavadhena vā |
9.279c yad vā-api pratisaṃskuryād dāpyas tu-uttamasāhasam || 279 ||
9.280a koṣṭhāgāra.āyudhāgāra.devatāgāra.bhedakān |
9.280c hasti.aśva.rathahartṝṃś ca hanyād eva-a.vicārayan || 280 ||
9.281a yas tu pūrvaniviṣṭasya taḍāgasya-udakaṃ haret |
9.281c āgamaṃ vā-apy apāṃ bhindyāt sa dāpyaḥ pūrvasāhasam || 281 ||
9.282a samutsṛjed rājamārge yas tv amedhyam anāpadi |
9.282c sa dvau kārṣāpaṇau dadyād amedhyaṃ ca-āśu śodhayet || 282 ||
9.283a āpadgato 'tha vā vṛddhā garbhiṇī bāla eva vā |
9.283c paribhāṣaṇam arhanti tac ca śodhyam iti sthitiḥ || 283 ||
9.284a cikitsakānāṃ sarveṣāṃ mithyāpracaratāṃ damaḥ |
9.284c amānuṣeṣu prathamo mānuṣeṣu tu madhyamaḥ || 284 ||
9.285a saṅkrama.dhvaja.yaṣṭīnāṃ pratimānāṃ ca bhedakaḥ |
9.285c pratikuryāc ca tat sarvaṃ pañca dadyāt-śatāni ca || 285 ||
9.286a adūṣitānāṃ dravyāṇāṃ dūṣaṇe bhedane tathā |
9.286c maṇīnām apavedhe ca daṇḍaḥ prathamasāhasaḥ || 286 ||
9.287a samair hi viṣamaṃ yas tu cared vai mūlyato 'pi vā |
9.287c samāpnuyād damaṃ pūrvaṃ naro madhyamam eva vā || 287 ||
J 222
9.288a bandhanāni ca sarvāṇi rājā mārge niveśayet | 321
9.288c duḥkhitā yatra dṛśyeran vikṛtāḥ pāpakāriṇah || 288 ||
9.289a prākārasya ca bhettāraṃ parikhāṇāṃ ca pūrakam |
9.289c dvārāṇāṃ ca-eva bhaṅktāraṃ kṣipram eva pravāsayet || 289 ||
9.290a abhicāreṣu sarveṣu kartavyo dviśato damaḥ |
9.290c mūlakarmaṇi ca-anāpteḥ kṛtyāsu vividhāsu ca || 290 || 322
9.291a abījavikrayī ca-eva bīja.utkṛṣṭā tathā-eva ca |
9.291c maryādābhedakaś ca-eva vikṛtaṃ prāpnuyād vadham || 291 ||
9.292a sarvakaṇṭakapāpiṣṭhaṃ hemakāraṃ tu pārthivaḥ |
9.292c pravartamānam anyāye chedayet-lavaśaḥ kṣuraiḥ || 292 || 323
9.293a sītā.dravyāpaharaṇe śastrāṇām auṣadhasya ca |
9.293c kālam āsādya kāryaṃ ca rājā daṇḍaṃ prakalpayet || 293 ||

9.1.6.1. Excursus: Constituents of a Kingdom

O edn 801-802, O tr. 205
9.294a svāmy.amātyau puraṃ rāṣṭraṃ kośa.daṇḍau suhṛt tathā |
9.294c sapta prakṛtayo hy etāḥ saptāṅgaṃ rājyam ucyate || 294 ||
9.295a saptānāṃ prakṛtīnāṃ tu rājyasya-āsāṃ yathākramam |
9.295c pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ gurutaraṃ jānīyād vyasanaṃ mahat || 295 ||
9.296a sapta.aṅgasya-iha rājyasya viṣṭabdhasya tridaṇḍavat |
9.296c anyonyaguṇavaiśeṣyāt-na kiṃ cid atiricyate || 296 ||
9.297a teṣu teṣu tu kṛtyeṣu tat tad aṅgaṃ viśiṣyate |
9.297c yena yat sādhyate kāryaṃ tat tasmin-śreṣṭham ucyate || 297 ||
J 223

9.1.6.2. Excursus: Activities of the King

O edn 802-805, O tr. 205-206
9.298a cāreṇa-utsāhayogena kriyayā-eva ca karmaṇām |
9.298c svaśaktiṃ paraśaktiṃ ca nityaṃ vidyāt-mahīpatiḥ || 298 || 324
9.299a pīḍanāni ca sarvāṇi vyasanāni tathā-eva ca |
9.299c ārabheta tataḥ kāryaṃ sañcintya guru.lāghavam || 299 ||
9.300a ārabheta-eva karmāṇi śrāntaḥ śrāntaḥ punaḥ punaḥ |
9.300c karmāṇy ārabhamāṇaṃ hi puruṣaṃ śrīr niṣevate || 300 ||
9.301a kṛtaṃ tretāyugaṃ ca-eva dvāparaṃ kalir eva ca |
9.301c rājño vṛttāni sarvāṇi rājā hi yugam ucyate || 301 ||
9.302a kaliḥ prasupto bhavati sa jāgrad dvāparaṃ yugam |
9.302c karmasv abhyudyatas tretā vicaraṃs tu kṛtaṃ yugam || 302 ||
9.303a indrasya-arkasya vāyoś ca yamasya varuṇasya ca |
9.303c candrasya-agneḥ pṛthivyāś ca tejovṛttaṃ nṛpaś caret || 303 ||
9.304a vārṣikāṃś caturo māsān yathā-indro 'bhipravarṣati |
9.304c tathā-abhivarṣet svaṃ rāṣṭraṃ kāmair indravrataṃ caran || 304 ||
9.305a aṣṭau māsān yathā-ādityas toyaṃ harati raśmibhiḥ |
9.305c tathā haret karaṃ rāṣṭrāt-nityam arkavrataṃ hi tat || 305 ||
9.306a praviśya sarvabhūtāni yathā carati mārutaḥ |
9.306c tathā cāraiḥ praveṣṭavyaṃ vratam etadd hi mārutam || 306 ||
9.307a yathā yamaḥ priya.dveṣyau prāpte kāle niyacchati |
9.307c tathā rājñā niyantavyāḥ prajās tadd hi yamavratam || 307 ||
J 224
9.308a varuṇena yathā pāśair baddha eva-abhidṛśyate |
9.308c tathā pāpān nigṛhṇīyād vratam etadd hi vāruṇam || 308 ||
9.309a paripūrṇaṃ yathā candraṃ dṛṣṭvā hṛṣyanti mānavāḥ |
9.309c tathā prakṛtayo yasmin sa cāndravratiko nṛpaḥ || 309 ||
9.310a pratāpayuktas tejasvī nityaṃ syāt pāpakarmasu |
9.310c duṣṭasāmantahiṃsraś ca tad āgneyaṃ vrataṃ smṛtam || 310 ||
9.311a yathā sarvāṇi bhūtāni dharā dhārayate samam |
9.311c tathā sarvāṇi bhūtāni bibhrataḥ pārthivaṃ vratam || 311 ||
9.312a etair upāyair anyaiś ca yukto nityam atandritaḥ |
9.312c stenān rājā nigṛhṇīyāt svarāṣṭre para eva ca || 312 ||

9.1.6.3. Excursus on Brahmins

O edn 805-807, O tr. 206
9.313a parām apy āpadaṃ prāpto brāhmaṇān na prakopayet |
9.313c te hy enaṃ kupitā hanyuḥ sadyaḥ sa.bala.vāhanam || 313 ||
9.314a yaiḥ kṛtaḥ sarvabhakṣyo 'gnir apeyaś ca mahodadhiḥ | 325
9.314c kṣayī ca-āpyāyitaḥ somaḥ ko na naśyet prakopya tān || 314 ||
9.315a lokān anyān sṛjeyur ye lokapālāṃś ca kopitāḥ |
9.315c devān kuryur adevāṃś ca kaḥ kṣiṇvaṃs tān samṛdhnuyāt || 315 ||
9.316a yān upāśritya tiṣṭhanti lokā devāś ca sarvadā |
9.316c brahma ca-eva dhanaṃ yeṣāṃ ko hiṃsyāt tāñ jijīviṣuḥ || 316 ||
J 225
9.317a a.vidvāṃś ca-eva vidvāṃś ca brāhmaṇo daivataṃ mahat |
9.317c praṇītaś ca-a.praṇītaś ca yathā-agnir daivataṃ mahat || 317 ||
9.318a śmaśāneṣv api tejasvī pāvako na-eva duṣyati |
9.318c hūyamānaś ca yajñeṣu bhūya eva-abhivardhate || 318 ||
9.319a evaṃ yady apy aniṣṭeṣu vartante sarvakarmasu |
9.319c sarvathā brāhmaṇāḥ pūjyāḥ paramaṃ daivatam hi tat || 319 ||
9.320a kṣatrasya-atipravṛddhasya brāhmaṇān prati sarvaśaḥ |
9.320c brahma-eva sanniyantṛ syāt kṣatraṃ hi brahma.sambhavam || 320 ||
9.321a adbhyo 'gnir brahmataḥ kṣatram aśmano loham utthitam |
9.321c teṣāṃ sarvatragaṃ tejaḥ svāsu yoniṣu śāmyati || 321 ||
9.322a na-a.brahma kṣatram ṛdhnoti na-a.kṣatraṃ brahma vardhate |
9.322c brahma kṣatraṃ ca sampṛktam iha ca-amutra vardhate || 322 ||
9.323a dattvā dhanaṃ tu viprebhyaḥ sarvadaṇḍasamutthitam |
9.323c putre rājyaṃ samāsṛjya kurvīta prāyaṇaṃ raṇe || 323 || 326

9.1.7. Conclusion of the Rules for Kings

O edn 807, O tr. 206
9.324a evaṃ caran sadā yukto rājadharmeṣu pārthivaḥ |
9.324c hiteṣu ca-eva lokasya sarvān bhṛtyān niyojayet || 324 || 327
9.325a eṣo '.khilaḥ karmavidhir ukto rājñaḥ sanātanaḥ |
9.325c imaṃ karmavidhiṃ vidyāt kramaśo vaiśya.śūdrayoḥ || 325 ||
  1. 9.01av/ M:
    dharmye
  2. 9.05av/ M:
    striyā
  3. 9.15av/ M:
    naiḥsnehyāc
  4. 9.17av/ M:
    anāryatām
  5. 9.17cv/ M:
    drogdhṛbhāvaṃ
  6. 9.18cv/ M:
    striyo
  7. 9.24av/ M:
    avakṛṣṭaprasūtayaḥ
  8. 9.27cv/ M:
    pratyarthaṃ
  9. 9.30cv/ M:
    śṛgālayoniṃ
  10. 9.32av/ M:
    bhartuḥ
  11. 9.43cv/ M:
    kṣiptaṃ
  12. 9.47cv/ M:
    dadāmi-iti
  13. 9.52cv/ M:
    barīyasī
  14. 9.54cv/ M:
    na bījī labhate phalam
  15. 9.61cv/ M:
    a.nirvṛttaṃ
  16. 9.62av/ M:
    nivṛtte
  17. 9.77av/ M:
    dviṣāṇāṃ
  18. 9.80av/ M:
    madyapa.asatyavṛttā
  19. 9.84av/ M:
    pratiṣedhe pibed yā tu
  20. 9.86cv/ M:
    svā svā-eva
  21. 9.102cv/ M:
    na-aticaretāṃ
  22. 9.118av/ M:
    svābhyaḥ svābhyas tu
  23. 9.119av/ M:
    aja.āvikaṃ ca-ekaśaphaṃ
  24. 9.147cv/ M:
    mithyā.utpannaṃ
  25. 9.154av/ M:
    yady api syāt tu sat.putro yady a.putro 'pi vā bhavet
  26. 9.193av/ H.
    tasyāṃ
  27. 9.234cv/ M:
    taṃ
  28. 9.235av/ M:
    taskaro gurutalpagaḥ
  29. 9.237cv/ M:
    taskare śvapadaṃ kāryaṃ
  30. 9.240av/ M:
    pūrve varṇā yathā.uditam
  31. 9.258cv/ M:
    bhadraprekṣaṇikaiḥ saha
  32. 9.260av/ M:
    evamādyān
  33. 9.275av/ M:
    prātikūlyeṣv avasthitān
  34. 9.276av/ M:
    sandhiṃ bhittvā
  35. 9.288av/ M:
    rājamārge
  36. 9.290cv/ M:
    ca-anāptaiḥ
  37. 9.292cv/ M:
    chedayet khaṇḍaśaḥ kṣuraiḥ
  38. 9.298cv/ M:
    vidyāt para.ātmanoḥ
  39. 9.314av/ M:
    sarvabhakṣo
  40. 9.323cv/ M:
    samāsādya
  41. 9.324cv/ M:
    hiteṣu ca-eva lokebhyaḥ