J 40

Chapter 3

O edn 447-503, O tr. 108-123

3.1. Marriage

O edn 447-450, O tr. 108-111

3.1.1. Conclusion of Study

O edn 447, O tr. 108
3.01a ṣaṭtriṃśad.ābdikaṃ caryaṃ gurau traivedikaṃ vratam |
3.01c tadardhikaṃ pādikaṃ vā grahaṇāntikam eva vā || 1 ||
3.02a vedān adhītya vedau vā vedaṃ vā-api yathākramam |
3.02c a.vipluta.brahmacaryo gṛhasthāśramam āvaset || 2 ||
3.03a taṃ pratītaṃ svadharmeṇa brahmadāyaharaṃ pituḥ |
3.03c sragviṇaṃ talpa āsīnam arhayet prathamaṃ gavā || 3 ||

3.1.2. Selection of a Bride

O edn 447-450, O tr. 108-109
3.04a guruṇānumataḥ snātvā samāvṛtto yathāvidhi |
3.04c udvaheta dvijo bhāryāṃ sa.varṇāṃ lakṣaṇānvitām || 4 ||
3.05a a.sapiṇḍā ca yā mātur a.sagotrā ca yā pituḥ |
3.05c sā praśastā dvijātīnāṃ dārakarmaṇi maithune || 5 || 35
3.06a mahānty api samṛddhāni go.'ja.avi.dhana.dhānyataḥ |
3.06c strīsambandhe daśa-etāni kulāni parivarjayet || 6 ||
J 41
3.07a hīna.kriyaṃ niṣ.puruṣaṃ niś.chando romaśa.arśasam |
3.07c kṣaya.āmayāvy.apasmāri.śvitri.kuṣṭhi.kulāni ca || 7 ||
3.08a na-udvahet kapilāṃ kanyāṃ na-adhikāṅgīṃ na rogiṇīm |
3.08c na-a.lomikāṃ na-ati.lomāṃ na vācāṭāṃ na piṅgalām || 8 || 36
3.09a na-ṛkṣa.vṛkṣa.nadī.nāmnīṃ na-antya.parvata.nāmikām |
3.09c na pakṣi.ahi.preṣya.nāmnīṃ na ca bhīṣana.nāmikām || 9 ||
3.10a a.vyaṅga.aṅgīṃ saumya.nāmnīṃ haṃsa.vāraṇa.gāminīm |
3.10c tanuloma.keśa.daśanāṃ mṛdv.aṅgīm udvahet striyam || 10 ||
3.11a yasyās tu na bhaved bhrātā na vijñāyeta vā pitā | 37
3.11c na-upayaccheta tāṃ prājñaḥ putrikā.adharmaśaṅkayā || 11 ||
3.12a savarṇā-agre dvijātīnāṃ praśastā dārakarmaṇi |
3.12c kāmatas tu pravṛttānām imāḥ syuḥ kramaśo 'varāḥ || 12 ||
3.13a śūdrā-eva bhāryā śūdrasya sā ca svā ca viśaḥ smṛte |
3.13c te ca svā ca-eva rājñaś ca tāś ca svā ca-agra.janmanaḥ || 13 ||

3.1.2.1. Prohibition of a Śūdra Wife

O edn 449-450, O tr. 109
3.14a na brāhmaṇa.kṣatriyayor āpady api hi tiṣṭhatoḥ |
3.14c kasmiṃś cid api vṛttānte śūdrā bhāryā-upadiśyate || 14 ||
3.15a hīnajāti.striyaṃ mohād udvahanto dvijātayaḥ |
3.15c kulāny eva nayanty āśu sa.santānāni śūdratām || 15 ||
3.16a śūdrāvedī pataty atrer utathyatanayasya ca |
3.16c śaunakasya suta.utpattyā tad.apatyatayā bhṛgoḥ || 16 ||
J 42
3.17a śūdrāṃ śayanam āropya brāhmaṇo yāty adhogatim |
3.17c janayitvā sutaṃ tasyāṃ brāhmaṇyād eva hīyate || 17 ||
3.18a daiva.pitrya.ātitheyāni tat.pradhānāni yasya tu |
3.18c na-aśnanti pitṛ.devās tan na ca svargaṃ sa gacchati || 18 ||
3.19a vṛṣalīphena.pītasya niḥśvāsa.upahatasya ca |
3.19c tasyāṃ ca-eva prasūtasya niṣkṛtir na vidhīyate || 19 ||

3.1.3. Types of Marriage

O edn 450-455, O tr. 109-110
3.20a caturṇām api varṇānaṃ pretya ca-iha hita.ahitān |
3.20c aṣṭāv imān samāsena strīvivāhān nibodhata || 20 ||
3.21a brāhmo daivas tathā-eva-ārṣaḥ prājāpatyas tathā-asuraḥ |
3.21c gāndharvo rākṣasaś ca-eva paiśācaś ca-aṣṭamo 'dhamaḥ || 21 ||
3.22a yo yasya dharmyo varṇasya guṇa.doṣau ca yasya yau |
3.22c tad vaḥ sarvaṃ pravakṣyāmi prasave ca guṇa.aguṇān || 22 ||
3.23a ṣaḍ ānupūrvyā viprasya kṣatrasya caturo 'varān |
3.23c viś.śūdrayos tu tān eva vidyād dharmyān a.rākṣasān || 23 || 38
3.24a caturo brāhmaṇasya-ādyān praśastān kavayo viduḥ |
3.24c rākṣasaṃ kṣatriyasya-ekam āsuraṃ vaiśya.śūdrayoḥ || 24 ||
3.25a pañcānāṃ tu trayo dharmyā dvāv adharmyau smṛtāv iha |
3.25c paiśācaś ca-asuraś ca-eva na kartavyau kadā cana || 25 ||
3.26a pṛthak pṛthag vā miśrau vā vivāhau pūrvacoditau |
3.26c gāndharvo rākṣasaś ca-eva dharmyau kṣatrasya tau smṛtau || 26 ||
J 43
3.27a ācchādya ca-arcayitvā ca śruta.śīlavate svayam |
3.27c āhūya dānaṃ kanyāyā brāhmo dharmaḥ prakīrtitaḥ || 27 ||
3.28a yajñe tu vitate samyag ṛtvije karma kurvate |
3.28c alaṅkṛtya sutādānaṃ daivaṃ dharmaṃ pracakṣate || 28 ||
3.29a ekaṃ gomithunaṃ dve vā varād ādāya dharmataḥ |
3.29c kanyāpradānaṃ vidhivad ārṣo dharmaḥ sa ucyate || 29 ||
3.30a saha-ubhau caratāṃ dharmam iti vācā-anubhāṣya ca |
3.30c kanyāpradānam abhyarcya prājāpatyo vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ || 30 ||
3.31a jñātibhyo draviṇaṃ dattvā kanyāyai ca-eva śaktitaḥ |
3.31c kanyāpradānaṃ svācchandyād āsuro dharma ucyate || 31 ||
3.32a icchayā-anyonyasaṃyogaḥ kanyāyāś ca varasya ca |
3.32c gāndharvaḥ sa tu vijñeyo maithunyaḥ kāma.sambhavaḥ || 32 ||
3.33a hatvā chittvā ca bhittvā ca krośantīṃ rudantīṃ gṛhāt |
3.33c prasahya kanyāharaṇaṃ rākṣaso vidhir ucyate || 33 ||
3.34a suptāṃ mattāṃ pramattāṃ vā raho yatra-upagacchati |
3.34c sa pāpiṣṭho vivāhānāṃ paiśācaś ca-aṣṭamo 'dhamaḥ || 34 || 39
3.35a adbhir eva dvija.agryāṇāṃ kanyādānaṃ viśiṣyate |
3.35c itareṣāṃ tu varṇānām itaretarakāmyayā || 35 ||

3.1.3.1. Sons from Different Types of Marriage

O edn 453-455, O tr. 110
3.36a yo yasya-eṣāṃ vivāhānāṃ manunā kīrtito guṇaḥ |
3.36c sarvaṃ śṛṇuta taṃ viprāḥ sarvaṃ kīrtayato mama || 36 || 40
J 44
3.37a daśa pūrvān parān vaṃśyān ātmānaṃ ca-ekaviṃśakam |
3.37c brāhmīputraḥ sukṛtakṛt-mocayaty enasaḥ pitṝn || 37 ||
3.38a daiva.ūḍhājaḥ sutaś ca-eva sapta sapta para.avarān |
3.38c ārṣa.ūḍhājaḥ sutas trīṃs trīn ṣaṭ ṣaṭ kāya.ūḍhajaḥ sutaḥ || 38 ||
3.39a brāhma.ādiṣu vivāheṣu caturṣv eva-anupūrvaśaḥ |
3.39c brahmavarcasvinaḥ putrā jāyante śiṣṭasammatāḥ || 39 || 41
3.40a rūpa.sattva.guṇa.upetā dhanavanto yaśasvinaḥ |
3.40c paryāpta.bhogā dharmiṣṭhā jīvanti ca śataṃ samāḥ || 40 ||
3.41a itareṣu tu śiṣṭeṣu nṛśaṃsā.anṛtavādinaḥ |
3.41c jāyante durvivāheṣu brahma.dharma.dviṣaḥ sutāḥ || 41 ||
3.42a aninditaiḥ strīvivāhair anindyā bhavati prajā |
3.42c ninditair ninditā nṝṇāṃ tasmān nindyān vivarjayet || 42 ||

3.1.3.2. Marriage Rite

O edn 455, O tr. 110
3.43a pāṇigrahaṇasaṃskāraḥ sa.varṇāsu-upadiśyate |
3.43c a.savarṇāsv ayaṃ jñeyo vidhir udvāhakarmaṇi || 43 ||
3.44a śaraḥ kṣatriyayā grāhyaḥ pratodo vaiśyakanyayā |
3.44c vasanasya daśā grāhyā śūdrayā-utkṛṣṭavedane || 44 ||

3.1.4. Sexual Union

O edn 455-456, O tr. 110
3.45a ṛtukālābhigāmī syāt svadāranirataḥ sadā |
3.45c parvavarjaṃ vrajec ca-enāṃ tad.vrato ratikāmyayā || 45 ||
3.46a ṛtuḥ svābhāvikaḥ strīṇāṃ rātrayaḥ ṣoḍaśa smṛtāḥ |
3.46c caturbhir itaraiḥ sārdham ahobhiḥ sadvigarhitaiḥ || 46 ||
J 45
3.47a tāsām ādyāś catasras tu ninditā-ekādaśī ca yā |
3.47c trayodaśī ca śeṣās tu praśastā daśarātrayaḥ || 47 ||
3.48a yugmāsu putrā jāyante striyo 'yugmāsu rātriṣu |
3.48c tasmād yugmāsu putrārthī saṃviśed ārtave striyam || 48 ||
3.49a pumān puṃso 'dhike śukre strī bhavaty adhike striyāḥ |
3.49c same 'pumān puṃ.striyau vā kṣīṇe 'lpe ca viparyayaḥ || 49 ||
3.50a nindyāsv aṣṭāsu ca-anyāsu striyo rātriṣu varjayan |
3.50c brahmacāry eva bhavati yatra tatra-āśrame vasan || 50 ||

3.1.5. Purchasing a Wife

O edn 456-457, O tr. 111
3.51a na kanyāyāḥ pitā vidvān gṛhṇīyāt-śulkam aṇu-api |
3.51c gṛhṇan-śulkaṃ hi lobhena syān naro 'patyavikrayī || 51 ||
3.52a strīdhanāni tu ye mohād upajīvanti bāndhavāḥ |
3.52c nārī yānāni vastraṃ vā te pāpā yānty adhogatim || 52 ||
3.53a ārṣe gomithunaṃ śulkaṃ ke cid āhur mṛṣā-eva tat |
3.53c alpo 'py evaṃ mahān vā-api vikrayas tāvad eva saḥ || 53 || 42
3.54a yāsāṃ na-ādadate śulkaṃ jñātayo na sa vikrayaḥ |
3.54c arhaṇaṃ tat kumārīṇām ānṛśaṃsyaṃ ca kevalam || 54 || 43

3.1.6. Honouring Women

O edn 457-458, O tr. 111
3.55a pitṛbhir bhrātṛbhiś ca-etāḥ patibhir devarais tathā |
3.55c pūjyā bhūṣayitavyāś ca bahukalyāṇam īpsubhiḥ || 55 ||
3.56a yatra nāryas tu pūjyante ramante tatra devatāḥ |
3.56c yatra-etās tu na pūjyante sarvās tatra-a.phalāḥ kriyāḥ || 56 ||
J 46
3.57a śocanti jāmayo yatra vinaśyaty āśu tat kulam | 44
3.57c na śocanti tu yatra-etā vardhate tadd hi sarvadā || 57 || 45
3.58a jāmayo yāni gehāni śapanty a.pratipūjitāḥ | 46
3.58c tāni kṛtyāhatāni-iva vinaśyanti samantataḥ || 58 || 47
3.59a tasmād etāḥ sadā pūjyā bhūṣaṇa.ācchādana.aśanaiḥ | 48
3.59c bhūti.kāmair narair nityaṃ satkareṣu-utsaveṣu ca || 59 || 49

3.1.7. Marital Harmony

O edn 458, O tr. 111
3.60a santuṣṭo bhāryayā bhartā bhartrā bhāryā tatha-eva ca | 50
3.60c yasminn eva kule nityaṃ kalyāṇaṃ tatra vai dhruvam || 60 || 51
3.61a yadi hi strī na roceta pumāṃsaṃ na pramodayet | 52
3.61c apramodāt punaḥ puṃsaḥ prajanaṃ na pravartate || 61 || 53
3.62a striyāṃ tu rocamānāyāṃ sarvaṃ tad rocate kulaṃ | 54
3.62c tasyāṃ tv arocamānāyāṃ sarvam eva na rocate || 62 || 55

3.1.8. Degredation of Families

O edn 458-459, O tr. 111
3.63a ku.vivāhaiḥ kriyā.lopair vedānadhyayanena ca | 56
3.63c kulāny akulatāṃ yānti brāhmaṇātikrameṇa ca || 63 || 57
3.64a śilpena vyavahāreṇa śūdrāpatyaiś ca kevalaiḥ | 58
3.64c gobhir aśvaiś ca yānaiś ca kṛṣyā rāja.upasevayā || 64 || 59
3.65a ayājyayājanaiś ca-eva nāstikyena ca karmaṇām | 60
3.65c kulāny āśu vinaśyanti yāni hīnāni mantrataḥ || 65 || 61
3.66a mantratas tu samṛddhāni kulāny alpa.dhanāny api | 62
3.66c kulasaṅkhyāṃ ca gacchanti karṣanti ca mahad yaśaḥ || 66 || 63
  1. 3.05cv/ M:
    a.maithinī
  2. 3.08cv/ M:
    vācālāṃ
  3. 3.11av/ M:
    vai(vā pitā
  4. 3.23cv/ M:
    dharmyān na rākṣasān
  5. 3.34cv/ M:
    paiśācaḥ prathito 'dhamaḥ
  6. 3.36cv/ M:
    samyak kīrtayato
  7. 3.39cv/ M:
    brahmavarcasinaḥ
  8. 3.53cv/ M:
    tāvān eva sa vikrayaḥ
  9. 3.54cv/ M:
    na kevalam
  10. 3.57av/ not in M
  11. 3.57cv/ not in M
  12. 3.58av/ not in M
  13. 3.58cv/ not in M
  14. 3.59av/ not in M
  15. 3.59cv/ not in M
  16. 3.60av/ not in M
  17. 3.60cv/ not in M
  18. 3.61av/ not in M
  19. 3.61cv/ not in M
  20. 3.62av/ not in M
  21. 3.62cv/ not in M
  22. 3.63av/ not in M
  23. 3.63cv/ not in M
  24. 3.64av/ not in M
  25. 3.64cv/ not in M
  26. 3.65av/ not in M
  27. 3.65cv/ not in M
  28. 3.66av/ not in M
  29. 3.66cv/ not in M