9.1. The Justice System (cont.
O edn 746-807, O tr. 190-2069.1.1. Grounds of Litigation-XVI Law Concerning Husband and Wife
O edn 746-765, O tr. 190-1959.01a puruṣasya striyāś ca-eva dharme vartmani tiṣṭhatoḥ | 287
9.01c saṃyoge viprayoge ca dharmān vakṣyāmi śāśvatān || 1 ||
9.1.1.1. Guarding the Wife
O edn 746-750, O tr. 190-1919.02a asvatantrāḥ striyaḥ kāryāḥ puruṣaiḥ svair divā.niśam
|
9.02c viṣayeṣu ca sajjantyaḥ saṃsthāpyā ātmano vaśe || 2 ||
9.03a pitā rakṣati kaumāre bhartā rakṣati yauvane |
9.03c rakṣanti sthavire putrā na strī svātantryam arhati || 3
||
9.04a kāle '.dātā pitā vācyo vācyaś ca-an.upayan patiḥ |
9.04c mṛte bhartari putras tu vācyo mātur arakṣitā || 4 ||
9.05a sūkṣmebhyo 'pi prasaṅgebhyaḥ striyo rakṣyā viśeṣataḥ |
288
9.05c dvayor hi kulayoḥ śokam āvaheyur a.rakṣitāḥ || 5 ||
9.06a imaṃ hi sarvavarṇānāṃ paśyanto dharmam uttamam |
9.06c yatante rakṣituṃ bhāryāṃ bhartāro durbalā api || 6 ||
9.07a svāṃ prasūtiṃ caritraṃ ca kulam ātmānam eva ca |
9.07c svaṃ ca dharmaṃ prayatnena jāyāṃ rakṣan hi rakṣati || 7
||
9.08a patir bhāryāṃ sampraviśya garbho bhūtvā-iha jāyate |
9.08c jāyāyās tadd hi jāyātvaṃ yad asyāṃ jāyate punaḥ || 8
||
9.09a yādṛśaṃ bhajate hi strī sutaṃ sūte tathāvidham |
9.09c tasmāt prajāviśuddhi.arthaṃ striyaṃ rakṣet prayatnataḥ ||
9 ||
9.10a na kaś cid yoṣitaḥ śaktaḥ prasahya parirakṣitum |
9.10c etair upāyayogais tu śakyās tāḥ parirakṣitum || 10 ||
9.11a arthasya saṅgrahe ca-enāṃ vyaye ca-eva niyojayet |
9.11c śauce dharme 'nnapaktyāṃ ca pāriṇāhyasya vekṣaṇe || 11
||
9.12a a.rakṣitā gṛhe ruddhāḥ puruṣair āptakāribhiḥ |
9.12c ātmānam ātmanā yās tu rakṣeyus tāḥ surakṣitāḥ || 12
||
9.13a pānaṃ durjanasaṃsargaḥ patyā ca viraho 'ṭanam |
9.13c svapno 'nyagehavāsaś ca nārīsandūṣaṇāni ṣaṭ || 13 ||
9.14a na-etā rūpaṃ parīkṣante na-āsāṃ vayasi saṃsthitiḥ |
9.14c surūpaṃ vā virūpaṃ vā pumān ity eva bhuñjate || 14 ||
9.15a pauṃścalyāc calacittāc ca naisnehyāc ca svabhāvataḥ |
289
9.15c rakṣitā yatnato 'pi-iha bhartṛṣv etā vikurvate || 15
||
9.16a evaṃ svabhāvaṃ jñātvā-āsāṃ prajāpatinisargajam |
9.16c paramaṃ yatnam ātiṣṭhet puruṣo rakṣaṇaṃ prati || 16
||
9.17a śayyā.āsanam alaṅkāraṃ kāmaṃ krodham anārjavam | 290
9.17c drohabhāvaṃ kucaryāṃ ca strībhyo manur akalpayat || 17 ||
291
9.18a na-asti strīṇāṃ kriyā mantrair iti dharme
vyavasthitiḥ
9.18c nir.indriyā hy a.mantrāś ca strībhyo 'nṛtam iti sthitiḥ
|| 18 || 292
9.19a tathā ca śrutayo bahvyo nigītā nigameṣv api |
9.19c svālakṣaṇyaparīkṣārthaṃ tāsāṃ śṛṇuta niṣkṛtīḥ || 19
||
9.20a yan me mātā pralulubhe vicaranty a.pativratā |
9.20c tan me retaḥ pitā vṛṅktām ity asya-etan nidarśanam || 20
||
9.21a dhyāyaty aniṣṭaṃ yat kiṃ cit pāṇigrāhasya cetasā |
9.21c tasya-eṣa vyabhicārasya nihnavaḥ samyag ucyate || 21
||
9.1.1.2. Elevation of Wife to Husbands's Status
O edn 750-751, O tr. 1919.22a yādṛg.guṇena bhartrā strī saṃyujyeta yathāvidhi |
9.22c tādṛg.guṇā sā bhavati samudreṇa-iva nimnagā || 22 ||
9.23a akṣamālā vasiṣṭhena saṃyuktā-adhamayonijā |
9.23c śāraṅgī mandapālena jagāma-abhyarhaṇīyatām || 23 ||
9.24a etāś ca-anyāś ca loke 'sminn apakṛṣṭaprasūtayaḥ | 293
9.24c utkarṣaṃ yoṣitaḥ prāptāḥ svaiḥ svair bhartṛguṇaiḥ śubhaiḥ
|| 24 ||
9.25a eṣā-uditā lokayātrā nityaṃ strī.puṃsayoḥ śubhā |
9.25c pretya-iha ca sukha.udarkān prajādharmān nibodhata || 25
||
9.1.1.3. Importance of Wife
O edn 751-752, O tr. 1919.26a prajanārthaṃ mahā.bhāgāḥ pūja.arhā gṛhadīptayaḥ |
9.26c striyaḥ śriyaś ca geheṣu na viśeṣo 'sti kaś cana || 26
||
9.27a utpādanam apatyasya jātasya paripālanam |
9.27c pratyahaṃ lokayātrāyāḥ pratyakṣaṃ strī nibandhanam || 27
|| 294
9.28a apatyaṃ dharmakāryāṇi śuśrūṣā ratir uttamā |
9.28c dārā.adhīnas tathā svargaḥ pitṝṇām ātmanaś ca ha || 28
||
9.29a patiṃ yā na-abhicarati mano.vāg.dehasaṃyatā |
9.29c sā bhartṛlokān āpnoti sadbhiḥ sādhvī-iti ca-ucyate || 29
||
9.30a vyabhicārāt tu bhartuḥ strī loke prāpnoti nindyatām |
9.30c sṛgālayoniṃ ca-āpnoti pāparogaiś ca pīḍyate || 30 ||
295
9.31a putraṃ pratyuditaṃ sadbhiḥ pūrvajaiś ca maharṣibhiḥ |
9.31c viśvajanyam imaṃ puṇyam upanyāsaṃ nibodhata || 31 ||
9.1.1.4. To Whom Belongs a Son?
O edn 752-756, O tr. 191-1939.32a bhartari putraṃ vijānanti śrutidvaidhaṃ tu kartari |
296
9.32c āhur utpādakaṃ ke cid apare kṣetriṇaṃ viduḥ || 32 ||
9.33a kṣetrabhūtā smṛtā nārī bījabhūtaḥ smṛtaḥ pumān |
9.33c kṣetra.bījasamāyogāt sambhavaḥ sarvadehinām || 33 ||
9.34a viśiṣṭaṃ kutra cid bījaṃ strīyonis tv eva kutra cit |
9.34c ubhayaṃ tu samaṃ yatra sā prasūtiḥ praśasyate || 34
||
9.35a bījasya ca-eva yonyāś ca bījam utkṛṣṭam ucyate |
9.35c sarvabhūtaprasūtir hi bījalakṣaṇalakṣitā || 35 ||
9.36a yādṛśaṃ tu-upyate bījaṃ kṣetre kāla.upapādite |
9.36c tādṛg rohati tat tasmin bījaṃ svair vyañjitaṃ guṇaiḥ ||
36 ||
9.37a iyaṃ bhūmir hi bhūtānāṃ śāśvatī yonir ucyate |
9.37c na ca yoniguṇān kāṃś cid bījaṃ puṣyati puṣṭiṣu || 37
||
9.38a bhūmāv apy ekakedāre kāla.uptāni kṛṣīvalaiḥ |
9.38c nānārūpāṇi jāyante bījāni-iha svabhāvataḥ || 38 ||
9.39a vrīhayaḥ śālayo mudgās tilā māṣās tathā yavāḥ |
9.39c yathābījaṃ prarohanti laśunāni-ikṣavas tathā || 39 ||
9.40a anyad uptaṃ jātam anyad ity etat-na-upapadyate |
9.40c upyate yadd hi yad bījaṃ tat tad eva prarohati || 40
||
9.41a tat prājñena vinītena jñāna.vijñānavedinā |
9.41c āyuṣkāmena vaptavyaṃ na jātu parayoṣiti || 41 ||
9.42a atra gāthā vāyugītāḥ kīrtayanti purāvidaḥ |
9.42c yathā bījaṃ na vaptavyaṃ puṃsā paraparigrahe || 42 ||
9.43a naśyati-iṣur yathā viddhaḥ khe viddham anuvidhyataḥ |
9.43c tathā naśyati vai kṣipraṃ bījaṃ paraparigrahe || 43 ||
297
9.44a pṛthor api-imāṃ pṛthivīṃ bhāryāṃ pūrvavido viduḥ |
9.44c sthāṇu.cchedasya kedāram āhuḥ śālyavato mṛgam || 44
||
9.45a etāvān eva puruṣo yat-jāyā-ātmā prajā-iti ha |
9.45c viprāḥ prāhus tathā ca-etad yo bhartā sā smṛta.aṅganā ||
45 ||
9.46a na niṣkraya.visargābhyāṃ bhartur bhāryā vimucyate |
9.46c evaṃ dharmaṃ vijānīmaḥ prāk prajāpatinirmitam || 46
||
9.47a sakṛd aṃśo nipatati sakṛt kanyā pradīyate |
9.47c sakṛd āha dadāni-iti trīṇy etāni satāṃ sakṛt || 47 ||
298
9.48a yathā go.'śva.uṣṭra.dāsīṣu mahiṣy.ajā.avikāsu ca |
9.48c na-utpādakaḥ prajābhāgī tathā-eva-anyāṅganāsv api || 48
||
9.49a ye 'kṣetriṇo bījavantaḥ parakṣetrapravāpiṇaḥ |
9.49c te vai sasyasya jātasya na labhante phalaṃ kva cit || 49
||
9.50a yad anyagoṣu vṛṣabho vatsānāṃ janayet-śatam |
9.50c gominām eva te vatsā moghaṃ skanditam ārṣabham || 50
||
9.51a tathā-eva-akṣetriṇo bījaṃ parakṣetrapravāpiṇaḥ |
9.51c kurvanti kṣetriṇām arthaṃ na bījī labhate phalam || 51
||
9.52a phalaṃ tv an.abhisandhāya kṣetriṇāṃ bījinām tathā |
9.52c pratyakṣaṃ kṣetriṇām artho bījād yonir galīyasī || 52 ||
299
9.53a kriyābhyupagamāt tv etad bījārthaṃ yat pradīyate |
9.53c tasya-iha bhāginau dṛṣṭau bījī kṣetrika eva ca || 53
||
9.54a ogha.vātāhṛtaṃ bījaṃ yasya kṣetre prarohati |
9.54c kṣetrikasya-eva tad bījaṃ na vaptā labhate phalam || 54
|| 300
9.55a eṣa dharmo gava.aśvasya dāsy.uṣṭra.aja.avikasya ca |
9.55c vihaṅga.mahiṣīṇāṃ ca vijñeyaḥ prasavaṃ prati || 55 ||
9.56a etad vaḥ sāraphalgutvaṃ bīja.yonyoḥ prakīrtitam |
9.56c ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi yoṣitāṃ dharmam āpadi || 56 ||
9.1.1.5. Levirate
O edn 756-758, O tr. 1939.57a bhrātur jyeṣṭhasya bhāryā yā gurupatny anujasya sā |
9.57c yavīyasas tu yā bhāryā snuṣā jyeṣṭhasya sā smṛtā || 57
||
9.58a jyeṣṭho yavīyaso bhāryāṃ yavīyān vā-agrajastriyam |
9.58c patitau bhavato gatvā niyuktāv apy anāpadi || 58 ||
9.59a devarād vā sapiṇḍād vā striyā samyak-niyuktayā |
9.59c prajā-īpsitāa-adhigantavyā santānasya parikṣaye || 59
||
9.60a vidhavāyāṃ niyuktas tu ghṛtākto vāgyato niśi |
9.60c ekam utpādayet putraṃ na dvitīyaṃ kathaṃ cana || 60
||
9.61a dvitīyam eke prajanaṃ manyante strīṣu tadvidaḥ |
9.61c a.nirvṛtaṃ niyogārthaṃ paśyanto dharmatas tayoḥ || 61 ||
301
9.62a vidhavāyāṃ niyogārthe nirvṛtte tu yathāvidhi | 302
9.62c guruvat-ca snuṣāvat-ca varteyātāṃ parasparam || 62 ||
9.63a niyuktau yau vidhiṃ hitvā varteyātāṃ tu kāmataḥ |
9.63c tāv ubhau patitau syātāṃ snuṣāga.gurutalpagau || 63
||
9.64a na-anyasmin vidhavā nārī niyoktavyā dvijātibhiḥ |
9.64c anyasmin hi niyuñjānā dharmaṃ hanyuḥ sanātanam || 64
||
9.65a na-udvāhikeṣu mantreṣu niyogaḥ kīrtyate kva cit |
9.65c na vivāhavidhāv uktaṃ vidhavāvedanaṃ punaḥ || 65 ||
9.66a ayaṃ dvijair hi vidvadbhiḥ paśudharmo vigarhitaḥ |
9.66c manuṣyāṇām api prokto vene rājyaṃ praśāsati || 66 ||
9.67a sa mahīm akhilāṃ bhuñjan rājarṣipravaraḥ purā |
9.67c varṇānāṃ saṅkaraṃ cakre kāma.upahata.cetanaḥ || 67 ||
9.68a tataḥ prabhṛti yo mohāt pramīta.patikāṃ striyam |
9.68c niyojayaty apatyārthaṃ taṃ vigarhanti sādhavaḥ || 68
||
9.69a yasyā mriyeta kanyāyā vācā satye kṛte patiḥ |
9.69c tām anena vidhānena nijo vindeta devaraḥ || 69 ||
9.70a yathāvidhi-adhigamya-enāṃ śukla.vastrāṃ śuci.vratām |
9.70c mitho bhajeta-ā prasavāt sakṛt.sakṛd ṛtāv.ṛtau || 70
||
9.1.1.6. Contract of Betrothal
O edn 759, O tr. 1939.71a na dattvā kasya cit kanyāṃ punar dadyād vicakṣaṇaḥ |
9.71c dattvā punaḥ prayacchan hi prāpnoti puruṣānṛtam || 71
||
9.72a vidhivat pratigṛhya-api tyajet kanyāṃ vigarhitām |
9.72c vyādhitāṃ vipraduṣṭāṃ vā chadmanā ca-upapāditām || 72
||
9.73a yas tu doṣavatīṃ kanyām an.ākhyāya-upapādayet |
9.73c tasya tad vitathaṃ kuryāt kanyādātur durātmanaḥ || 73
||
9.1.1.7. Absence of Husband
O edn 759, O tr. 193-1949.74a vidhāya vṛttiṃ bhāryāyāḥ pravaset kāryavān naraḥ |
9.74c avṛttikarśitā hi strī praduṣyet sthitimaty api || 74
||
9.75a vidhāya proṣite vṛttiṃ jīven niyamam āsthitā |
9.75c proṣite tv a.vidhāya-eva jīvet-śilpair agarhitaiḥ || 75
||
9.76a proṣito dharmakāryārthaṃ pratīkṣyo 'ṣṭau naraḥ samāḥ
|
9.76c vidyārthaṃ ṣaḍ yaśo.'rthaṃ vā kāmārthaṃ trīṃs tu vatsarān
|| 76 ||
9.1.1.8. Repudiation of a Wife
O edn 760-761, O tr. 1949.77a saṃvatsaraṃ pratīkṣeta dviṣantīṃ yoṣitaṃ patiḥ | 303
9.77c ūrdhvaṃ saṃvatsarāt tv enāṃ dāyaṃ hṛtvā na saṃvaset || 77
||
9.78a atikrāmet pramattaṃ yā mattaṃ rogārtam eva vā |
9.78c sā trīn māsān parityājyā vibhūṣaṇa.paricchadā || 78
||
9.79a unmattaṃ patitaṃ klībam a.bījaṃ pāparogiṇam |
9.79c na tyāgo 'sti dviṣantyāś ca na ca dāyāpavartanam || 79
||
9.80a madyapā-asādhuvṛttā ca pratikūlā ca yā bhavet | 304
9.80c vyādhitā vā-adhivettavyā hiṃsrā-arthaghnī ca sarvadā ||
80 ||
9.81a vandhyāṣṭame 'dhivedyā-'bde daśame tu mṛta.prajā |
9.81c ekādaśe strījananī sadyas tv apriyavādinī || 81 ||
9.82a yā rogiṇī syāt tu hitā sampannā ca-eva śīlataḥ |
9.82c sā-anujñāpya-adhivettavyā na-avamānyā ca karhi cit || 82
||
9.83a adhivinnā tu yā nārī nirgacched ruṣitā gṛhāt |
9.83c sā sadyaḥ sanniroddhavyā tyājyā vā kulasannidhau || 83
||
9.84a pratiṣiddhā-api ced yā tu madyam abhyudayeṣv api | 305
9.84c prekṣā.samājaṃ gacched vā sā daṇḍyā kṛṣṇalāni ṣaṭ || 84
||
9.1.1.9. Seniority among Wives
O edn 761-762, O tr. 1949.85a yadi svāś ca-aparāś ca-eva vinderan yoṣito dvijāḥ |
9.85c tāsāṃ varṇakrameṇa syāj jyeṣṭhyaṃ pūjā ca veśma ca || 85
||
9.86a bhartuḥ śarīraśuśrūṣāṃ dharmakāryaṃ ca naityakam |
9.86c svā ca-eva kuryāt sarveṣāṃ na-asvajātiḥ kathaṃ cana || 86
|| 306
9.87a yas tu tat kārayen mohāt sa.jātyā sthitayā-anyayā |
9.87c yathā brāhmaṇacāṇḍālaḥ pūrvadṛṣṭas tathā-eva saḥ || 87
||
J 202
J 203
9.1.1.10. Marriage of Daughters
O edn 762-765, O tr. 194-1959.88a utkṛṣṭāya-abhirūpāya varāya sadṛśāya ca |
9.88c aprāptām api tāṃ tasmai kanyāṃ dadyād yathāvidhi || 88
||
9.89a kāmam ā maraṇāt tiṣṭhed gṛhe kanyā-ṛtumaty api |
9.89c na ca-eva-enāṃ prayaccet tu guṇa.hīnāya karhi cit || 89
||
9.90a trīṇi varṣāṇy udīkṣeta kumāry ṛtumatī satī |
9.90c ūrdhvaṃ tu kālād etasmād vindeta sadṛśaṃ patim || 90
||
9.91a a.dīyamānā bhartāram adhigacched yadi svayam |
9.91c na-enaḥ kiṃ cid avāpnoti na ca yaṃ sā-adhigacchati || 91
||
9.92a alaṅkāraṃ na-ādadīta pitryaṃ kanyā svayaṃvarā |
9.92c mātṛkaṃ bhrātṛdattaṃ vā stenā syād yadi taṃ haret || 92
||
9.93a pitre na dadyāt-śulkaṃ tu kanyām ṛtumatīṃ haran |
9.93c sa ca svāmyād atikrāmed ṛtūnāṃ pratirodhanāt || 93 ||
9.94a triṃśadvarṣo vahet kanyāṃ hṛdyāṃ dvādaśavārṣikīm |
9.94c tryaṣṭavarṣo 'ṣṭavarṣāṃ vā dharme sīdati satvaraḥ || 94
||
9.95a devadattāṃ patir bhāryāṃ vindate na-icchayā-ātmanaḥ |
9.95c tāṃ sādhvīṃ bibhṛyān nityaṃ devānāṃ priyam ācaran || 95
||
9.96a prajanārthaṃ striyaḥ sṛṣṭāḥ santānārthaṃ ca mānavaḥ |
9.96c tasmāt sādhāraṇo dharmaḥ śrutau patnyā saha.uditaḥ || 96
||
9.97a kanyāyāṃ datta.śulkāyāṃ mriyeta yadi śulkadaḥ |
9.97c devarāya pradātavyā yadi kanyā-anumanyate || 97 ||
9.98a ādadīta na śūdro 'pi śulkaṃ duhitaraṃ dadan |
9.98c śulkaṃ hi gṛhṇan kurute channaṃ duhitṛvikrayam || 98
||
9.99a etat tu na pare cakrur na-apare jātu sādhavaḥ |
9.99c yad anyasya pratijñāya punar anyasya dīyate || 99 ||
9.100a na-anuśuśruma jātu-etat pūrveṣv api hi janmasu |
9.100c śulka.sañjñena mūlyena channaṃ duhitṛvikrayam || 100
||
9.101a anyonyasya-avyabhicāro bhaved ā.maraṇāntikaḥ |
9.101c eṣa dharmaḥ samāsena jñeyaḥ strī.puṃsayoḥ paraḥ || 101
||
9.102a tathā nityaṃ yateyātāṃ strī.puṃsau tu kṛta.kriyau |
9.102c yathā nābhicaretāṃ tau viyuktāv itaretaram || 102 ||
307
9.103a eṣa strī.puṃsayor ukto dharmo vo ratisaṃhitaḥ |
9.103c āpady apatyaprāptiś ca dāyadharmaṃ nibodhata || 103
||
- 9.01av/ M: dharmye↩
- 9.05av/
M: striyā↩
- 9.15av/
M: naiḥsnehyāc↩
- 9.17av/ M: anāryatām↩
- 9.17cv/
M: drogdhṛbhāvaṃ↩
- 9.18cv/ M: striyo↩
- 9.24av/ M: avakṛṣṭaprasūtayaḥ↩
- 9.27cv/
M: pratyarthaṃ↩
- 9.30cv/
M: śṛgālayoniṃ↩
- 9.32av/
M: bhartuḥ↩
- 9.43cv/
M: kṣiptaṃ↩
- 9.47cv/
M: dadāmi-iti↩
- 9.52cv/
M: barīyasī↩
- 9.54cv/
M: na bījī labhate phalam↩
- 9.61cv/
M: a.nirvṛttaṃ↩
- 9.62av/ M: nivṛtte↩
- 9.77av/ M: dviṣāṇāṃ↩
- 9.80av/ M: madyapa.asatyavṛttā↩
- 9.84av/ M: pratiṣedhe pibed yā tu↩
- 9.86cv/
M: svā svā-eva↩
- 9.102cv/
M: na-aticaretāṃ↩