Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 1

1 pramaṇato 'rthapratipattau pravṛttisāmarthyād arthavat pramāṇam/

21 pramāṇam antareṇa nārthapratipattiḥ, nārhtapratipattim antareṇa pravṛttisāmarthyam/ pramāṇena khalv ayaṃ jñātārtham abhīpsati jihāsati vā/ tasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya samīhā pravṛttir ity ucyate/ sāmrthyaṃ punar asyāḥ phalenābhisambandhaḥ/ samīhamānas tam artham abhīpsan jihāsan vā tam artham āpnoti jahāti vā/ arthas tu sukhaṃ sukhahetuś ca, duḥkhaṃ duḥkhahetuś ca/

22 so 'yaṃ pramāṇārtho 'parisaṅkhyeyaḥ, prāṇabhṛdbhedasyāparisaṅkhyeyatvāt/ arthavati ca pramāṇe pramātā prameyaṃ pramitir ity arthavanti bhavanti/ kasmāt? anyatamāpāye 'rthasyānupapatteḥ/

24 tatra yasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya pravṛttiḥ sa pramātā, sa yenārthaṃ pramiṇoti tat pramāṇam, yo 'rthaḥ pramīyate tat prameyam, yad arthavijñānaṃ sā pramitiḥ, catasṛṣu caivaṃvidhāsv arthatattvaṃ parisamāpyate/ kiṃ punas tattvam? sataś ca sadbhāvo 'sataśüEcāsadbhāvaḥ/ sat sad iti gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtam aviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavati/

25 asac cāsad iti gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtam aviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavati/

26 katham uttarasya pramāṇenopalabdhir iti? saty upalabhyamāne tadanupalabdheḥ pradīpavat/ yathā darśakena dīpena dṛśye gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate, tan nāsti/ yady abhaviṣyad idam iva vyajñāsyata, vijñānābhāvān nāstīti/ evaṃ pramāṇena sati gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate,

27 tan nāsti/ yady abhaviṣyad idam iva vyajñāsyata, vijñānābhāvān nāstīti/ tad evaṃ sataḥ prakāśakaṃ pramāṇam asad api prakāśayatīti/

28 sac ca khalu ṣoḍaśadhā vyūḍham upadekṣyate/ tāsāṃ khalv āsāṃ sadvidhānām—

pramāṇaprameyasaṃśayaprayojanadṛṣṭāntasiddhāntāvayavatarkanirṇayavādajalpavitaṇḍāhetvābhāsacchalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ tattvajñānān niḥśreyasādhigamaḥ // 1.1.1 //

29 nirdeśe yathāvacanaṃ vigrahaḥ/ cārthe dvandvasamāsaḥ/ pramāṇādīnāṃ tattvam iti śaiṣikī ṣaṣṭhī/

31 tattvasya jñānaṃ niḥśreyasasyādhigama iti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhau/ ta etāvanto vidyamānārthāḥ, yeṣām aviparītajñānārtham ihopadeśaḥ/

% vidyamānārthā, ...] p/32 so 'yam anavayavena tantrārtha uddiṣṭo veditavyaḥ/ ātmādeḥ khalu prameyasya tattvajñānān niḥśreyasādhigamaḥ/

33 tac caitad uttarasūtreṇānūdyata iti/ heyam, tasya nirvartakaṃ hānam ātyantikam, tasyopāyo 'dhigantavya ity etāni catvāry arthapadāni samyag buddhvā niḥśreyasam adhigacchati/

34 tatra saṃśayādīnāṃ pṛthagvacanam anarthakam — saṃśayādayo yathāsambhavaṃ pramāṇeṣu prameyeṣu cāntarbhavanto na vyatiricyanta iti? satyam etat, imās tu catasro vidyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ prāṇabhṛtām anugrahāyopadiśyante, yāsāṃ caturthīyam ānvīkṣikī nyāyavidyā/

35 tasyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ saṃśayādayaḥ padārthāḥ/ teṣāṃ pṛthagvacanam antareṇādhyātmavidyāmātram iyaṃ syāt, yathopaniṣadaḥ/ tasmāt saṃśayādibhiḥ padārthaiḥ pṛthak prasthāpyate/ tatra nānupalabdhe na nirṇīte 'rthe nyāyaḥ pravartate, kiṃ tarhi? saṃśayite 'rthe/ yathoktaṃ — vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ iti/ vimarśaḥ — saṃśayaḥ/ pakṣapratipakṣau — nyāyapravṛttiḥ/ arthāvadhāraṇaṃ — nirṇayas tattvajñānam iti/ sa ca ayaṃ kiṃsvid iti vastuvimarśamātram anavadhāraṇaṃ jñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ, prameye 'ntarbhavann evam arthaṃ pṛthag ucyate/

37 atha prayojanam — yena prayuktaḥ pravartate, tat prayojanam/ yam artham abhīpsan jihāsan vā karmārabhate,

38 tenānena sarve prāṇinaḥ sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarvāś ca vidyā vyāptāḥ, tadāśrayaś ca nyāyaḥ pravartate/ kaḥ punar ayaṃ nyāyaḥ? pramāṇair arthaparīkṣaṇaṃ nyāyaḥ/

39 pratyakṣāgamāśritam anumānam, sānvīkṣā/ pratyakṣāgamābhyām īkṣitasyānvīkṣaṇam anvīkṣā/ tayā pravarttata ity ānvīkṣikī — nyāyavidyā — nyāyaśāstram/ yat punar anumānaṃ pratyakṣāgamaviruddhaṃ nyāyābhāsaḥ sa iti/

44 tatra vādajalpau saprayojanau/ vitaṇḍā tu parīkṣyate/ vitaṇḍayā pravartamāno vaitaṇḍikaḥ/ sa prayojanam anuyukto yadi pratipadyate so 'sya pakṣaḥ so 'sya siddhānta iti, vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti/ atha na pratipadyate nāyaṃ laukiko na parīkṣaka ity āpadyate/ athāpi parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanaṃ bravīti, etad api tādṛg eva/ yo jñāpayati yo jānāti yena jñāpyate yac ca jñāpyate etac ca pratipadyate yadi, tadā vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti/ atha na pratipadyate, parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanam ity etad asya vākyam anarthakaṃ bhavati/ vākyasamūhaś ca sthāpanāhīno vitaṇḍā, tasya yady abhidheyaṃ pratipadyate, so 'sya pakṣaḥ sthāpanīyo bhavati/ atha na pratipadyate, pralāpamātram anarthakaṃ bhavati, vitaṇḍātvaṃ nivartata iti/ atha dṛṣṭāntaḥ pratyakṣaviṣayo 'rthaḥ, yatra laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ darśanaṃ na vyāhanyate/

45 sa ca prameyam/ tasya pṛthagvacanaṃ ca tadāśrayāv anumānāgamau, tasmin sati syātām anumānāgamau asati ca na syātām/ tadāśrayā ca nyāyapravṛttiḥ/ dṛṣṭāntavirodhena ca parapakṣapratiṣedho vacanīyo bhavati, dṛṣṭāntasamādhinā ca svapakṣaḥ sādhanīyo bhavati/ nāstikaś ca dṛṣṭāntam abhyupagacchann āstikatvaṃ jahāti/ anabhyupagacchan kiṃsādhanaḥ param upālabheteti/ niruktena ca dṛṣṭāntena śakyam abhidhātuṃ sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam tadviparyayād viparītam iti/

46 asty ayam ity anujñāyamāno 'rthaḥ siddhāntaḥ/ sa ca prameyam/ tasya pṛthagvacanaṃ satsu siddhāntabhedeṣu vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante, nāto 'nyatheti/

47 sādhanīyārthasya yāvati śabdasamūhe siddhiḥ parisamāpyate tasya pañcāvayavāḥ pratijñādayaḥ, samūham apekṣyāvayavā ucyante/

48 teṣu pramāṇasamavāyaḥ, āgamaḥ pratijñā/ hetur anumānam/

51 udāharaṇaṃ pratyakṣam/ upanayanam upamānam/

52 sarveṣām ekārthasamavāye sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanam iti/ so 'yaṃ paramo nyāya iti/ etena vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante nāto 'nyatheti/

53 tadāśrayā ca tattvavyavasthā/ te caite 'vayavāḥ śabdaviśeṣāḥ santaḥ prameye 'ntarbhūtā evamarthaṃ pṛthag ucyanta iti/ tarko na pramāṇasaṃgṛhīto, na pramāṇāntaram, pramāṇānām anugrāhakas tattvajñānāya kalpate/ tasyodāharaṇam — kim idaṃ janma kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, āhosvid akṛtakena, athākasmikam iti?

54 evam avijñāte 'rthe kāraṇopapattyā ūhaḥ pravarttate — yadi kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, hetūcchedād upapanno 'yaṃ janmocchedaḥ/ athākṛtakena hetunā, tato hetūcchedasyāśakyatvād anupapanno janmocchedaḥ/ athākasmikam, ato 'kasmān nirvartyamānaṃ na punar nivartsyatīti nivṛttikāraṇaṃ nopapadyate, tena janmānuccheda iti/ etasmiṃs tarkaviṣaye karmanimittaṃ janmeti pramāṇāni pravarttamānāni tarkeṇānugṛhante,

55 tattvajñānaviṣayasya vibhāgāt tattvajñānāya kalpate tarka iti/ so 'yam itthambhūtas tarkaḥ pramāṇasahito vāde sādhanāyopālambhāya cārthasya bhavatīty evam arthaṃ pṛghag ucyate prameyāntarbhūto 'pīti/

56 nirṇayas tattvajñānaṃ pramāṇānāṃ phalam, tadavasāno vādaḥ, tasya pālanārthaṃ jalpaviṭaṇḍe/ tāv etau tarkanirṇayau lokayātrāṃ vahata iti/ so 'yaṃ nirṇayaḥ prameyāntarbhūta evamarthaṃ pṛthag uddīṣṭa iti/

57 vādaḥ khalu nānāpravaktṛkaḥ pratyadhikaraṇasādhano 'nyatarādhikaraṇanirṇayāvasāno vākyasamūhaḥ/

58 pṛthag uddiṣṭa upalakṣaṇārtham/ upalakṣitena vyavahāras tattvajñānāya bhavatīti/ tadviśeṣau jalpavitaṇḍe tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārtham ity uktam/

59 nigrahasthānebhyaḥ pṛthag uddhiṣṭā hetvābhāsā vāde codanīyā bhaviṣyantīti/

62 jalpavitaṇḍayos tu nigrahasthānānīti/

63 chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ pṛthagupadeśa upalakṣaṇārtham iti/ upalakṣitānāṃ svavākye parivarjanam, chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ paravākye paryanuyogaḥ/ jāteś ca pareṇa prayujyamānāyāḥ sulabhaḥ samādhiḥ, svayaṃ ca sukaraḥ prayoga iti/

64 seyam ānvīkṣikī pramāṇādibhiḥ padārthair vibhajyamānā — pradīpaḥ sarvavidyānām upāyaḥ sarvakarmaṇām/ āśrayaḥ sarvadharmāṇāṃ vidyoddeśe prakīrtitā//

65 tad idaṃ tattvajñānaṃ niḥśreyasādhigamārthaṃ yathāvidyaṃ veditavyam/ iha tv adhyātmavidyāyām ātmādijñānaṃ tattvajñānam/ niḥśreyasādhigamo 'pavargaprāptiḥ//1//