Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 1

1 pramaṇato 'rthapratipattau pravṛttisāmarthyād arthavat pramāṇam/

21 pramāṇam antareṇa nārthapratipattiḥ, nārhtapratipattim antareṇa pravṛttisāmarthyam/ pramāṇena khalv ayaṃ jñātārtham abhīpsati jihāsati vā/ tasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya samīhā pravṛttir ity ucyate/ sāmrthyaṃ punar asyāḥ phalenābhisambandhaḥ/ samīhamānas tam artham abhīpsan jihāsan vā tam artham āpnoti jahāti vā/ arthas tu sukhaṃ sukhahetuś ca, duḥkhaṃ duḥkhahetuś ca/

22 so 'yaṃ pramāṇārtho 'parisaṅkhyeyaḥ, prāṇabhṛdbhedasyāparisaṅkhyeyatvāt/ arthavati ca pramāṇe pramātā prameyaṃ pramitir ity arthavanti bhavanti/ kasmāt? anyatamāpāye 'rthasyānupapatteḥ/

24 tatra yasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya pravṛttiḥ sa pramātā, sa yenārthaṃ pramiṇoti tat pramāṇam, yo 'rthaḥ pramīyate tat prameyam, yad arthavijñānaṃ sā pramitiḥ, catasṛṣu caivaṃvidhāsv arthatattvaṃ parisamāpyate/ kiṃ punas tattvam? sataś ca sadbhāvo 'sataśüEcāsadbhāvaḥ/ sat sad iti gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtam aviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavati/

25 asac cāsad iti gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtam aviparītaṃ tattvaṃ bhavati/

26 katham uttarasya pramāṇenopalabdhir iti? saty upalabhyamāne tadanupalabdheḥ pradīpavat/ yathā darśakena dīpena dṛśye gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate, tan nāsti/ yady abhaviṣyad idam iva vyajñāsyata, vijñānābhāvān nāstīti/ evaṃ pramāṇena sati gṛhyamāṇe tad iva yan na gṛhyate,

27 tan nāsti/ yady abhaviṣyad idam iva vyajñāsyata, vijñānābhāvān nāstīti/ tad evaṃ sataḥ prakāśakaṃ pramāṇam asad api prakāśayatīti/

28 sac ca khalu ṣoḍaśadhā vyūḍham upadekṣyate/ tāsāṃ khalv āsāṃ sadvidhānām—

29 nirdeśe yathāvacanaṃ vigrahaḥ/ cārthe dvandvasamāsaḥ/ pramāṇādīnāṃ tattvam iti śaiṣikī ṣaṣṭhī/

31 tattvasya jñānaṃ niḥśreyasasyādhigama iti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhau/ ta etāvanto vidyamānārthāḥ, yeṣām aviparītajñānārtham ihopadeśaḥ/

% vidyamānārthā, ...] p/32 so 'yam anavayavena tantrārtha uddiṣṭo veditavyaḥ/ ātmādeḥ khalu prameyasya tattvajñānān niḥśreyasādhigamaḥ/

33 tac caitad uttarasūtreṇānūdyata iti/ heyam, tasya nirvartakaṃ hānam ātyantikam, tasyopāyo 'dhigantavya ity etāni catvāry arthapadāni samyag buddhvā niḥśreyasam adhigacchati/

34 tatra saṃśayādīnāṃ pṛthagvacanam anarthakam — saṃśayādayo yathāsambhavaṃ pramāṇeṣu prameyeṣu cāntarbhavanto na vyatiricyanta iti? satyam etat, imās tu catasro vidyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ prāṇabhṛtām anugrahāyopadiśyante, yāsāṃ caturthīyam ānvīkṣikī nyāyavidyā/

35 tasyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ saṃśayādayaḥ padārthāḥ/ teṣāṃ pṛthagvacanam antareṇādhyātmavidyāmātram iyaṃ syāt, yathopaniṣadaḥ/ tasmāt saṃśayādibhiḥ padārthaiḥ pṛthak prasthāpyate/ tatra nānupalabdhe na nirṇīte 'rthe nyāyaḥ pravartate, kiṃ tarhi? saṃśayite 'rthe/ yathoktaṃ — vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ iti/ vimarśaḥ — saṃśayaḥ/ pakṣapratipakṣau — nyāyapravṛttiḥ/ arthāvadhāraṇaṃ — nirṇayas tattvajñānam iti/ sa ca ayaṃ kiṃsvid iti vastuvimarśamātram anavadhāraṇaṃ jñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ, prameye 'ntarbhavann evam arthaṃ pṛthag ucyate/

37 atha prayojanam — yena prayuktaḥ pravartate, tat prayojanam/ yam artham abhīpsan jihāsan vā karmārabhate,

38 tenānena sarve prāṇinaḥ sarvāṇi karmāṇi sarvāś ca vidyā vyāptāḥ, tadāśrayaś ca nyāyaḥ pravartate/ kaḥ punar ayaṃ nyāyaḥ? pramāṇair arthaparīkṣaṇaṃ nyāyaḥ/

39 pratyakṣāgamāśritam anumānam, sānvīkṣā/ pratyakṣāgamābhyām īkṣitasyānvīkṣaṇam anvīkṣā/ tayā pravarttata ity ānvīkṣikī — nyāyavidyā — nyāyaśāstram/ yat punar anumānaṃ pratyakṣāgamaviruddhaṃ nyāyābhāsaḥ sa iti/

44 tatra vādajalpau saprayojanau/ vitaṇḍā tu parīkṣyate/ vitaṇḍayā pravartamāno vaitaṇḍikaḥ/ sa prayojanam anuyukto yadi pratipadyate so 'sya pakṣaḥ so 'sya siddhānta iti, vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti/ atha na pratipadyate nāyaṃ laukiko na parīkṣaka ity āpadyate/ athāpi parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanaṃ bravīti, etad api tādṛg eva/ yo jñāpayati yo jānāti yena jñāpyate yac ca jñāpyate etac ca pratipadyate yadi, tadā vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti/ atha na pratipadyate, parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanam ity etad asya vākyam anarthakaṃ bhavati/ vākyasamūhaś ca sthāpanāhīno vitaṇḍā, tasya yady abhidheyaṃ pratipadyate, so 'sya pakṣaḥ sthāpanīyo bhavati/ atha na pratipadyate, pralāpamātram anarthakaṃ bhavati, vitaṇḍātvaṃ nivartata iti/ atha dṛṣṭāntaḥ pratyakṣaviṣayo 'rthaḥ, yatra laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ darśanaṃ na vyāhanyate/

45 sa ca prameyam/ tasya pṛthagvacanaṃ ca tadāśrayāv anumānāgamau, tasmin sati syātām anumānāgamau asati ca na syātām/ tadāśrayā ca nyāyapravṛttiḥ/ dṛṣṭāntavirodhena ca parapakṣapratiṣedho vacanīyo bhavati, dṛṣṭāntasamādhinā ca svapakṣaḥ sādhanīyo bhavati/ nāstikaś ca dṛṣṭāntam abhyupagacchann āstikatvaṃ jahāti/ anabhyupagacchan kiṃsādhanaḥ param upālabheteti/ niruktena ca dṛṣṭāntena śakyam abhidhātuṃ sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam tadviparyayād viparītam iti/

46 asty ayam ity anujñāyamāno 'rthaḥ siddhāntaḥ/ sa ca prameyam/ tasya pṛthagvacanaṃ satsu siddhāntabhedeṣu vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante, nāto 'nyatheti/

47 sādhanīyārthasya yāvati śabdasamūhe siddhiḥ parisamāpyate tasya pañcāvayavāḥ pratijñādayaḥ, samūham apekṣyāvayavā ucyante/

48 teṣu pramāṇasamavāyaḥ, āgamaḥ pratijñā/ hetur anumānam/

51 udāharaṇaṃ pratyakṣam/ upanayanam upamānam/

52 sarveṣām ekārthasamavāye sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanam iti/ so 'yaṃ paramo nyāya iti/ etena vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante nāto 'nyatheti/

53 tadāśrayā ca tattvavyavasthā/ te caite 'vayavāḥ śabdaviśeṣāḥ santaḥ prameye 'ntarbhūtā evamarthaṃ pṛthag ucyanta iti/ tarko na pramāṇasaṃgṛhīto, na pramāṇāntaram, pramāṇānām anugrāhakas tattvajñānāya kalpate/ tasyodāharaṇam — kim idaṃ janma kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, āhosvid akṛtakena, athākasmikam iti?

54 evam avijñāte 'rthe kāraṇopapattyā ūhaḥ pravarttate — yadi kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, hetūcchedād upapanno 'yaṃ janmocchedaḥ/ athākṛtakena hetunā, tato hetūcchedasyāśakyatvād anupapanno janmocchedaḥ/ athākasmikam, ato 'kasmān nirvartyamānaṃ na punar nivartsyatīti nivṛttikāraṇaṃ nopapadyate, tena janmānuccheda iti/ etasmiṃs tarkaviṣaye karmanimittaṃ janmeti pramāṇāni pravarttamānāni tarkeṇānugṛhante,

55 tattvajñānaviṣayasya vibhāgāt tattvajñānāya kalpate tarka iti/ so 'yam itthambhūtas tarkaḥ pramāṇasahito vāde sādhanāyopālambhāya cārthasya bhavatīty evam arthaṃ pṛghag ucyate prameyāntarbhūto 'pīti/

56 nirṇayas tattvajñānaṃ pramāṇānāṃ phalam, tadavasāno vādaḥ, tasya pālanārthaṃ jalpaviṭaṇḍe/ tāv etau tarkanirṇayau lokayātrāṃ vahata iti/ so 'yaṃ nirṇayaḥ prameyāntarbhūta evamarthaṃ pṛthag uddīṣṭa iti/

57 vādaḥ khalu nānāpravaktṛkaḥ pratyadhikaraṇasādhano 'nyatarādhikaraṇanirṇayāvasāno vākyasamūhaḥ/

58 pṛthag uddiṣṭa upalakṣaṇārtham/ upalakṣitena vyavahāras tattvajñānāya bhavatīti/ tadviśeṣau jalpavitaṇḍe tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārtham ity uktam/

59 nigrahasthānebhyaḥ pṛthag uddhiṣṭā hetvābhāsā vāde codanīyā bhaviṣyantīti/

62 jalpavitaṇḍayos tu nigrahasthānānīti/

63 chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ pṛthagupadeśa upalakṣaṇārtham iti/ upalakṣitānāṃ svavākye parivarjanam, chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ paravākye paryanuyogaḥ/ jāteś ca pareṇa prayujyamānāyāḥ sulabhaḥ samādhiḥ, svayaṃ ca sukaraḥ prayoga iti/

64 seyam ānvīkṣikī pramāṇādibhiḥ padārthair vibhajyamānā — pradīpaḥ sarvavidyānām upāyaḥ sarvakarmaṇām/ āśrayaḥ sarvadharmāṇāṃ vidyoddeśe prakīrtitā//

65 tad idaṃ tattvajñānaṃ niḥśreyasādhigamārthaṃ yathāvidyaṃ veditavyam/ iha tv adhyātmavidyāyām ātmādijñānaṃ tattvajñānam/ niḥśreyasādhigamo 'pavargaprāptiḥ//1//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 2

67 tat khalu niḥśreyasaṃ kiṃ tattvajñānāntaram eva bhavati? nety ucyate/ kiṃ tarhi? tattvajñānāt —

69

70 tatrātmādyapavargaparyantaprameye mithyājñānam anekaprakārakaṃ varttate/

71 ātmani tāvan nāstīti, anātmani ātmeti duḥkhe sukham iti anitye nityam ity atrāṇe trāṇam iti,

76 sabhaye nirbhayam iti, jugupsite 'bhimatam iti, hātavye apratihātavyam iti, pravṛttau nāsti karma, nāsti karmaphalam iti, doṣeṣu nāyaṃ doṣanimittaḥ saṃsāra iti, pretyabhāve nāsti jantur jīvo vā sattva ātmā vā, yaḥ preyāt, pretya ca bhaved iti, animittaṃ janma, animitto janmoparama ity ādimān pretyabhāvaḥ, anantaś ceti, naimittikaḥ sann akarmanimittaḥ pretyabhāva iti, dehendriyabuddhivedanāsantānocchedapratisandhānābhyāṃ nirātmakaḥ pretyabhāva iti/ apavarge bhīṣmaḥ khalv ayaṃ sarvakāyoparamaḥ, sarvaviprayoge 'pavarge bahu ca bhadrakaṃ lupyata iti kathaṃ buddhimān sarvasukhocchedam acaitanyam amum apavargaṃ rocayed iti/ etasmān mithyājñānād anukūleṣu rāgaḥ, pratikūleṣu dveṣaḥ/ rāgadveṣādhikārāc cāsatyerṣyamāyālobhādayo doṣā bhavanti/ doṣaiḥ prayuktaḥ śarīreṇa pravarttamāno hiṃsāsteyapratiṣiddhamaithunāny ācarati, vācānṛtaparuṣasūcanāsambaddhāni, manasā paradrohaṃ paradravyābhīpsāṃ nāstikyaṃ ceti/ seyaṃ pāpātmikā pravṛttir adharmāya/ atha śubhā — śarīreṇa dānaṃ paritrāṇaṃ paricaraṇaṃ ca, vācā satyaṃ hitaṃ priyaṃ svādhyāyaṃ ceti, manasā dayām aspṛhāṃ śraddhāṃ ceti/ seyaṃ dharmāya/ atra pravṛttisādhanau dharmādharmau pravṛttiśabdenoktau, yathānnasādhanāḥ prāṇāḥ annaṃ vai prāṇinaḥ prāṇāiti/

77 seyaṃ pravṛttiḥ kutsitasyābhipūjitasya ca janmanaḥ kāraṇam/ janma punaḥ śarīrendriyabuddhīnāṃ nikāyaviśiṣṭaḥ prādurbhāvaḥ, tasmin sati duḥkham/ tat punaḥ pratikūlavedanīyaṃ bādhanā pīḍā tāpa iti/ ta ime mithyājñānādayo duḥkhāntā dharmā avicchedenaiva pravartamānāḥ saṃsāra iti/

78 yadā tu tattvajñānān mithyājñānam apaiti, tadā mithyājñānāpāye doṣā apayanti, doṣāpāye pravṛttir apaiti,

80 pravṛttyapāye janmāpaiti, janmāpāye duḥkham apaiti, duḥkhāpāye ca ātyantiko 'pavargo niḥśreyasam iti/

82 tattvajñānaṃ tu khalu mithyājñānaviparyayeṇa vyākhyātam/ ātmani — tāvad astīti, anātmani — anātmeti, evaṃ duḥkhe 'nitye 'trāṇe sabhaye jugupsite hātavye ca yathāviṣayaṃ veditavyam, pravṛttau — asti karma, asti karmaphalam iti, doṣeṣu — doṣanimitto 'yaṃ saṃsāra iti, pretyabhāve khalu — asti jantur jīvaḥ sattva ātmā vā, yaḥ pretya bhaved iti, nimittavaj janma, nimittavān janmoparama ity anādiḥ pretyabhāvo 'pavargānta iti, naimittikaḥ san pretyabhāvaḥ pravṛttinimitta iti, sātmakaḥ san dehendriyabuddhivedanāsantānocchedapratisandhānābhyāṃ pravarttata iti, apavarge śāntaḥ khalv ayaṃ sarvaviprayogaḥ sarvoparamo 'pavargaḥ, bahu ca kṛcchaṃ ghoraṃ pāpakaṃ lupyata iti kathaṃ buddhimān sarvaduḥkhocchedaṃ sarvaduḥkhāsaṃvidam apavargaṃ na rocayed iti,

83 tad yathā madhuviṣasampṛktānnam anādeyam iti, evaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhānuṣaktam anādeyam iti//2//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 3

trividhā cāsya śāstrasya pravṛttiḥ, — uddeśo lakṣaṇaṃ parīkṣā ceti/ tatra nāmadheyena padārthamātrasyābhidhānam uddśaḥ/

84 tatroddiṣṭasya tattvavyavacchedako dharmao lakṣaṇam/ lakṣitasya yathālakṣaṇam upapadyate na veti pramāṇair avadhāraṇaṃ parīkṣā/ tatroddiṣṭasya pravibhaktasya lakṣaṇam ucyate,

85 yathā — pramāṇānāṃ prameyasya ca/ uddhiṣṭasya lakṣitasya ca vibhāgavacanam, yathā — chalasya vacanavighāto 'rthavikalpopapattyā cchalam, tat trividham iti/ athoddiṣṭasya vibhāgavacanam —

86 akṣasyākṣasya prativiṣayaṃ vṛttiḥ pratyakṣam/ vṛttis tu — sannikarṣaḥ, jñānaṃ vā/

87 yadā sannikarṣas tadā jñānaṃ pramitiḥ, yadā jñānam, tadā hānopādānopekṣābuddhayaḥ phalam/

88 anumānaṃ — mitena liṅgena liṅgino 'rthasya paścān mānam anumānam/

90 upamānaṃ — sāmīpyajñānaṃ — yathā gaur evaṃ gavaya iti/ sāmīpyaṃ tu sāmānyayogaḥ/ śabdaḥ — śabdyate 'nenārtha ity abhidhīyate jñāpyate/

91 upalabdhisādhanāni pramāṇāni samākhyānirvacanasāmarthyāt boddhavyam/ pramīyate 'neneti karaṇārthābhidhāno hi pramāṇaśabdaḥ/ tadviśeṣasamākhyāyā api tathaiva vyākhyānam/ kiṃ punaḥ pramāṇāni prameyam abhisaṃplavante? atha pratiprameyaṃ vyavatiṣṭhanta iti?

92 ubhayathā darśanam, asty ātmā ity āptopadeśāt pratīyate, tatrānumānam — icchādveṣaprayatnasukhaduḥkhajñānāny ātmano liṅgam iti, pratyakṣaṃ — yuñjānasya yogasamādhijam ātmamanasoḥ saṃyogaviśeṣād ātmā pratyakṣa iti/ agnir āptopadeśāt pratīyate atrāgniḥiti, pratyāsīdatā dhūmadarśanenānumīyate, pratyāsannena ca pratyakṣata upalabhyate/ vyavasthā punaḥ — agnihotra juhuyāt svargakāmaḥ iti, laukikasya svarge na liṅgadarśanam, na pratyakṣam/ stanayitnuśabde śrūyamāṇe śabdahetor anumānam, tatra na pratyakṣam, nāgamaḥ/ pāṇau pratyakṣata upalabhyamāne nānumānam, nāgama iti/ sā ceyaṃ pramitiḥ pratyakṣaparā/ jijñāsitam artham āptopadeśāt pratipadyamāno liṅgadarśanenāpi bubhutsate,

93 liṅgadarśanānumitaṃ ca pratyakṣato didṛkṣate, upalabdhe 'rthe jijñāsā nivarttate/ pūrvoktam udāharaṇam agniḥ iti/ pramātuḥ pramāṇānāṃ sambhavo 'bhisaṃplavaḥ, asambhavo vyavastheti//3// iti trisūtrībhāṣyam/

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 4

atha vibhaktānāṃ lakṣaṇavacanam iti/

indriyasyārthena sannikarṣād utpadyate yaj jñānaṃ tat pratyakṣam/

94 na tarhīdānīm idaṃ bhavati, ātmā manasā saṃyujyate, mana indriyeṇa, indriyam artheneti?

98 nedaṃ kāraṇāvadhāraṇam — etāvat pratyakṣe kāraṇam iti, kiṃ tu viśiṣṭakāraṇavacanam iti/ yat pratyakṣajñānasya viśiṣṭakāraṇaṃ tad ucyate, yat tu samānam anumānādijñānasya, na tannivarttata iti/ manasas tarhīndriyeṇa saṃyogo vaktavyaḥ?

100 bhidyamānasya pratyakṣajñānasya nāyaṃ bhidyata iti samānatvān nokta iti/

109 yāvad arthaṃ vai nāmadheyaśabdās tair arthasampratyayaḥ, arthasampratyayāc ca vyavahāraḥ/ tatredam indriyārthasannikarṣād utpannam arthajñānaṃ rūpam iti vā, rasaḥ ity evaṃ vā bhavati, rūparasaśabdāś ca viṣayanāmadheyam/ tena vyapadiśyate jñānaṃ — rūpam iti jānīte, rasa iti jānīte/ nāmadheyaśabdena vyapadiśyamānaṃ sat śābdaṃ prasajyate, ata āha — avyapadeśyam iti/

110 yad idam anupayukte śabdārthasanbandhe 'rthajñānam, na tat nāmadheyaśabdena vyapadiśyate, gṛhīte 'pi ca śabdārthasambandhe 'syārthasyāyaṃ śabdo nāmadheyam iti/ yadā tu so 'rtho gṛhyate,

111 tadā tat pūrvasmād arthajñānān na viśiṣyate, tad arthavijñānaṃ tādṛg eva bhavati/ tasya tv arthajñānasyānyaḥ samākhyāśabdo nāstīti, yena pratīyamānaṃ vyavahārāya lakpeta/ na cāpratīyamānena vyavahāraḥ/ tasmāj jñeyasyārthasya saṃjñāśabdenetikaraṇayuktena nirdiśyate — rūpam iti jñānam, rasa iti jñānam iti/ tad evam arthajñānakāle sa na samākhyāśabdo vyāpriyate, vyavahārakāle tu vyāpriyate/ tasmād aśābdam arthajñānam indriyārthasannikarṣotpannam iti/

112 grīṣme marīcayo bhaumenoṣmaṇā saṃsṛṣṭāḥ spandamānā dūrasthasya cakṣuṣā sannikṛṣyante,

113 tatrendriyārthasannikarṣād udakam iti jñānam utpadyate, tac ca pratyakṣaṃ prasajyata ity ata āha — avyabhicārīti/ yad atasmiṃs tad iti tad vyabhicāri pratyakṣam iti/

121 dūrāc cakṣuṣā hy ayam arthaṃ paśyan nāvadhārayati dhūma iti vā reṇur iti vā/ tad etad indriyārthasannikarṣotpannam anavadhāraṇajñānaṃ pratyakṣaṃ prasajyata ity ata āha — vyavasāyātmakam iti/ na caitan mantavyam — ātmamanaḥsannikarṣajam evānavadhāraṇajñānam iti/ cakṣuṣā hy ayam arthaṃ paśyan nāvadhārayati,

122 yathā cendriyeṇopalabdham arthaṃ manasopalabhate, evam indriyeṇānavadhārayan manasā nāvadhārayati/ yac ca tadindriyānavadhāraṇapūrvakaṃ manasānavadhāraṇaṃ tad viśeṣāpekṣaṃ vimarśamātraṃ saṃśayaḥ, na pūrvam iti/ sarvatra pratyakṣaviṣaye jñātur indriyeṇa vyavasāyaḥ,

123 paścān manasāanuvyavasāyaḥ, upahatendriyāṇām anuvyavasāyābhāvād iti/ ātmādiṣu sukhādiṣu ca pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyam, anindriyārthasannikarṣajaṃ hi tad iti/ indriyasya vai sato manasa indriyebhyaḥ pṛthagupadeśo dharmabhedāt, bhautikānīndriyāṇi niyataviṣayāṇi,

124 saguṇānāṃ caiṣām indriyabhāva iti, manas tv abhautikaṃ sarvaviṣayaṃ ca, nāsya saguṇasyendriyabhāva iti/ sati cendriyārthasannikarṣe sannidhim asannidhiṃ cāsya yugapajjñānānutpattikāraṇaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ iti/

129 manasaś cendriyabhāvān na vācyaṃ lakṣaṇāntaram iti/ tantrāntarasamācārāc caitat pratyetavyam iti/ paramatam apratiṣiddham anumatam iti hi tantrayuktiḥ/ vyākhyātaṃ pratyakṣam//4//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 5

132

142 tatpūrvakam ity anena liṅgaliṅginoḥ sambandhadarśanaṃ liṅgadarśanaṃ cābhisambadhyate/

146 liṅgaliṅginoḥ sambaddhayor darśanena liṅgasmṛtir abhisambadhyate/ smṛtyā liṅgadarśanena cāpratyakṣo 'rtho 'numīyate/ pūrvavad iti — yatra kāraṇena kāryam anumīyate, yathā meghonnatyā bhaviṣyati vṛṣṭir iti/

148 śeṣavat tad — yatra kāryeṇa kāraṇam anumīyate, pūrvodakaviparītam udakaṃ nadyāḥ pūrṇatvaṃ śīghratvañ ca dṛṣṭvā srotaso 'numīyate bhūtā vṛṣṭir iti/ sāmānyatodṛṣṭam — vrajyāpūrvakam anyatra dṛṣṭasya ṇyatra darśanam iti,

149 tathā cādityasya, tasmād asty apratyakṣāpy ādityasya vrajyeti/

152 atha vā pūrvavad iti — yatra yathāpūrvaṃ pratyakṣabhūtayor anyataradarśanenānyatarasyānumānam,

155 'pratyakṣasyānumānam, yathā dhūmenāgnir iti/ śeṣavan nāma pariśeṣaḥ, sa ca prasaktapratiṣedhe ṇyatrāprasaṅgāc chiṣyamāṇe sampratyayaḥ, yathā sad anityam evamādinā dravyaguṇakarmaṇām aviśeṣeṇa sāmānyaviśeṣasamavāyebhyo vibhaktasya śabdasya, tasmin dravyakarmaguṇasaṃśaye, na dravyam, ekadravyatvāt, na karma, śabdāntarahetutvāt, yas tu śiṣyate so .yam iti śabdasya guṇatvapratipattiḥ/

156 sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ nāma — yatrāpratyakṣe liṅgaliṅginoḥ sambandhe kenacid arthena liṅgasya sāmānyād apratyakṣo liṅgī gamyate, yathecchādibhir ātmā, icchādayo guṇāḥ,

157 guṇāś ca dravyasaṃsthānāḥ, tad tad eṣāṃ sthānaṃ sa ātmeti/ vibhāgavacanād eva trividham iti siddhe trividhavacanaṃ mahato mahāviṣayasya nyāyasya laghīyasā sūtreṇopadeśāt paraṃ vākyalāghavaṃ manyamānasyānyasmin vākyalāghave 'nādaraḥ/ tathā cāyam itthaṃbhūtena vākyavikalpena pravṛttaḥ siddhānte chale śabdādiṣu ca bahulaṃ samācāraḥ śāstra iti/

158 sadviṣayaṃ ca pratyakṣaṃ sadasadviṣayaṃ cānumānam/ kasmāt?/ traikālyagrahaṇāt —

161 trikālayuktā arthā anumānena gṛhyante, bhaviṣyatīty anumīyate, bhavatīti, cābhūd iti ca, asac ca khalv attam anāgataṃ ceti//5//

168

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 6

athopamānam —

prajñātena sāmānyāt prajñāpanīyasya prajñāpanam upamānam iti/ yathā gaur evaṃ gavaya iti/

169 kiṃ punar atropamānena kriyate? yadā khalv ayaṃ gavā samānadharmaṃ pratipadyate tadā pratyakṣatas tam arthaṃ pratipadyata iti, samākhyāsambandhapratipattir upamānārtha ity āha/ yathā gaur evaṃ gavaya ity upamāne prayukte gavā samānadharmam artham indriyārthasannikarṣād upalabhamāno 'sya gavayaśabdaḥ saṃjñeti saṃjñāsaṃjñisambandhaṃ pratipadyata iti/

170 yathā mudgas tathā mudgaparṇī,

171 yathā māṣas tathā māṣaparṇīty upamāne prayukte upamānāt saṃjñāsaṃjñisanbandhaṃ pratipadyamānas tām oṣadhīṃ bhaiṣajyāyāharati/

172 evam anyo 'py upamānasya loke viṣayo bubhutsitavya iti//6//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 7

173 atha śabdaḥ —

āptaḥ khalu sākṣātkṛtadharmā yathādṛṣṭasyārthasya cikhyāpayiṣayā prayukta upadeṣṭā/

174 sākṣātkaraṇam arthasyāptiḥ, tayā pravartata ity āptaḥ/ ṛṣyāryamlecchānāṃ samānaṃ lakṣaṇam/

176 tathā ca sarveṣāṃ vyavahārāḥ pravarttanta iti/ evam ebhiḥ pramāṇair devamanuṣyatiraścāṃ vyavahārāḥ prakalpante, nāto 'nyatheti//7//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 8

179

yasyeha dṛśyate 'rthaḥ sa dṛṣṭārthaḥ/ yasyāmutra pratīyate so 'dṛṣṭārthaḥ/ evam ṛṣilaukikavākyānāṃ vibhāga iti/ kimarthaṃ punar idam ucyate? sa na manyeta dṛṣṭārtha evāptopadeśaḥ pramāṇam, arthasyāvadhāraṇād iti, adṛṣṭārtho 'pi pramāṇam arthasyānumānād iti//8//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 9

180 kiṃ punar anena pramāṇenārthajātaṃ pramātavyam iti? —

182 tatrātmā sarvasya draṣṭā sarvasya bhoktā sarvajñaḥ sarvānubhāvī/ tasya bhogāyatanaṃ śarīram/ bhogasādhanānīndriyāṇi/ bhoktavyā indriyārthāḥ/ bhogo buddhiḥ/ sarvārthopalabdhau nendriyāṇi prabhavantīti sarvaviṣayam antaḥkaraṇaṃ manaḥ/ śarīrendriyārthabuddhisukhavedanānāṃ nivṛttikāraṇaṃ pravṛttiḥ, doṣāś ca/ nāsyedaṃ śarīram apūrvam anuttaraṃ ca, pūrvaśarīrāṇām ādir nāsti, uttareṣām apavargo 'nta iti pretyabhāvaḥ/ sasādhanasukhaduḥkhopabhogaḥ phalam/ duḥkham iti nedam anukūlavedanīyasya sukhasya pratīteḥ pratyākhyānam/ kiṃ tarhi? janmana evedaṃ sasukhasādhanasya duḥkhānuṣaṅgāt duḥkhenāviprayogād vividhabādhanāyogād duḥkham iti samādhibhāvanam upadiśyate/

183 samāhito bhāvayati, bhāvayan nirvidyate, nirviṇṇasya vairāgyam, viraktasyāpavarga iti/ janmamaraṇaprabandhocchedaḥ sarvaduḥkhaprahāṇam apavarga iti/ asty anyad api dravyaguṇakarmasāmānyaviśeṣasamavāyāḥ prameyam, tadbhedena cāparisaṅkhyeyam; asya tu tattvajñānād apavargo mithyājñānāt saṃsāra ity ata etad upadiṣṭaṃ viśeṣeṇeti//9//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 10

184 tatrātmā tāvat pratyakṣato na gṛhyate/ sa kim āptopadeśamātrād eva pratipadyata iti? nety ucyate/ anumānāc ca pratipattavya iti/ katham?

185 yajjātīyasyārthasya sannikarṣāt sukham ātmopalabdhavān, tajjātīyam evārthaṃ paśyann upādātum icchati, seyam ādātum icchā ekasyānekārthadarśino darśanapratisandhānād bhavati liṅgam ātmanaḥ/ niyataviṣaye hi buddhibhedamātre na sambhavati, dehāntaravad iti/ evam ekasyānekārthadarśino darśanapratisandhānāt duḥkhahetau dveṣaḥ,

187 yajjātīyo 'syārthaḥ sukhahetuḥ prasiddhas tajjātīyam arthaṃ paśyann ādātuṃ prayatate/ ekam anekārthadarśinaṃ darśanapratisandhātāram antareṇa na syāt/ niyataviṣaye buddhimātre na sambhavati, dehāntaravad iti/ etena duḥkhahetau prayatno vyākhyātaḥ/ sukhaduḥkhasmṛtyā cāyaṃ tatsādhanam ādadānaḥ sukham upalabhate duḥkham upalabhate, sukhaduḥkhe vedayate/ pūrvokta eva hetuḥ/ bubhutsamānaḥ khalv ayaṃ vimṛśati kiṃsvid iti, vimṛśaṃś ca jānīte idam iti, tad idaṃ jñānaṃ bubhutsāvimarśābhyām abhinnakartṛkaṃ gṛhyamāṇam ātmaliṅgam/ pūrvokta eva hetur iti/ tatra dehāntaravad iti vibhajyate yathānātmavādino dehāntareṣu niyataviṣayā buddhibhedā na pratisandhīyante tathaikadehaviṣayā api na pratisandhīyeran, aviśeṣāt/

188 so 'yam ekasattvasya samācāraḥ svayaṃdṛṣṭasya smaraṇam, nānyaddṛṣṭasya, nādṛṣṭasyeti/ evaṃ khalu nānāsattvānāṃ samācāro 'nyadṛṣṭam anyo na smaratīti/ tad etad ubyayam aśakyam anātmavādinā vyavasthāpayitum ity evam upapannam asty ātmeti//10//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 11

193 tasya bhogādhiṣṭhānam —

kathaṃ ceṣṭāśrayaḥ? īpsitaṃ jihāsitaṃ vārtham adhikṛtyepsājihāsāprayuktasya tadupāyānuṣṭhānalakṣaṇā samīhā ceṣṭā, sā yatra varttate tac charīram/

194 katham indriyāśrayaḥ? yasyānugraheṇānugṛhītāni upaghāte copahatāni svaviṣayeṣu sādhvasādhuṣu vartante sa eṣām āśrayaḥ tac charīram/ katham arthāśrayaḥ/

195 yasminn āyatane indriyārthasannikarṣād utpannayoḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ pratisaṃvedanaṃ pravartate sa eṣām āśrayaḥ,

196 tac charīram iti//11//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 12

197 bhogasādhanāni punaḥ —

jighraty aneneti ghrāṇaṃ gandhaṃ gṛhṇātīti/ rasayaty aneneti rasanaṃ rasaṃ gṛhṇātīti/ caṣṭe 'neneti cakṣū rūpaṃ paśyatīti/ tvaksthānam indriyaṃ tvak/ tadupacāraḥ sthānād iti/

198 śṛṇoty aneneti śrotraṃ śabdaṃ gṛhṇātīti/ evaṃ samākhyānirvacanasāmarthyād bodhyaṃ svaviṣayagrahaṇalakṣaṇānīndriyāṇīti/

199 bhūtebhya iti/ nānāprakṛtīnām eṣāṃ satāṃ viṣayaniyamaḥ, naikaprakṛtīnām/ sati ca viṣayaniyame svaviṣayagrahaṇalakṣaṇatvaṃ bhavatīti//12//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 13

201 kāni punar indriyakāraṇāni?

saṃjñāśabdaiḥ pṛthagupadeśo bhūtānāṃ vibhaktānāṃ suvacaṃ kāryaṃ bhaviṣyatīti//13//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 14

202 ime tu khalu —

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 15

213 acetanasya karaṇasya buddher jñānaṃ vṛttiḥ cetanasyākartur upalabdhir iti yuktiviruddham arthaṃ pratyācakṣāṇaka ivedam āha —

nācetanasya karaṇasya buddher jñānaṃ bhavitum arhati, tad dhi cetanaṃ syāt, ekaś cāyaṃ cetano dehendriyasaṃghātavyatirikta iti/

214 prameyalakṣaṇārthasya vākyasyānyārthaprakāśanam upapattisāmarthyād iti//15//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 16

215 smṛtyanumānāgamasaṃśayapratibhāsvapnajñānohāḥ sukhādipratyakṣam icchādayaś ca manaso liṅgāni/ teṣu satsv ayam api —

anindriyanimittāḥ smṛtyādayaḥ karaṇāntaranimittā bhavitum arhantīti/ yugapac ca khalu ghrāṇādīnāṃ gandhādīnāṃ ca sannikarṣeṣu satsu yugapaj jñānāni notpadyante,

216 tenānumīyate, asti tat tad indriyasaṃyogi sahakāri nimittāntaram avyāpi, yasyāsannidher notpadyate jñānaṃ sannidheś cotpadyata iti/

217 manaḥsaṃyogānapekṣasya hīndriyārthasannikarṣasya jñānahetutve yugapad uptadyeran jñānānīti//16//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 17

218 kramaprāptā tu —

mano 'tra buddhir ity abhipretam, budhyate 'neneti buddhiḥ/ so 'yam ārambhaḥ śarīreṇa vācā manasā ca puṇyaḥ pāpaś ca daśavidhaḥ/ tad etat kṛtabhāṣyaṃ dvitīyasūtra iti//17//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 18

220

pravartanā pravṛttihetutvam, jñātāraṃ hi rāgādayaḥ pravartayanti puṇye pāpe vā/ yatra mithyājñānaṃ tatra rāgadveṣāv iti/ pratyātmavedanīyā hīme doṣāḥ kasmāl lakṣaṇato nirdiśyanta iti? karmalakṣaṇāḥ khalu raktadviṣṭamūḍhāḥ, rakto hi tat karma kurute yena karmaṇā sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ vā labhate, tathā dviṣṭas tathā mūḍha iti/ rāgadveṣamohā ity ucyamāne bahu noktaṃ bhavatīti//18//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 19

221

utpannasya kvacit sattvanikāye mṛtvā yā punarutpattiḥ sa pretyabhāvaḥ/ utpannasya — sambaddhasya/ sambandhas tu dehendriyamanobuddhivedanābhiḥ/ punarutpattiḥ — punar dehādibhiḥ sambandhaḥ/ punar ity abhyāsābhidhānam/ yatra kvacit prāṇabhṛnnikāye vartamānaḥ pūrvopāttān dehādīn jahāti tat praiti/

222 yat tatrānyatra vā dehādīn anyān upādatte tad bhavati/ pretyabhāvaḥ — mṛtvā punarjanma, so 'yaṃ janmamaraṇaprabandhābhyāso 'nādir apavargāntaḥ pretyabhāvo veditavya iti//19//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 20

sukhaduḥkhasaṃvedanaṃ phalam/ sukhavipākaṃ karma duḥkhavipākaṃ ca/ tat punar dehendriyaviṣayabuddhiṣu satīṣu bhavatīti saha dehādibhiḥ phalam abhipretam/ tathā hi pravṛttidoṣajanito 'rthaḥ phalam etat sarvaṃ bhavati/

223 tad etat phalam upātam upātaṃ heyam, tyaktaṃ tyaktam upādeyam iti nāsya hānopādānayor niṣṭhā paryavasānaṃ vāsti, sa khalv ayaṃ phalasya hānopādānasrotasohyate loka iti//20//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 21

224 athaitad eva —

bādhanā pīḍā tāpa iti/ tayānuviddham anuṣaktam avinirbhāgena vartamānaṃ duḥkhayogād duḥkham iti/ so 'yaṃ sarvaṃ duḥkhenānuviddham iti paśyan duḥkhaṃ jihāsur janmani duḥkhadarśī nirvidyate, nirviṇṇo virajyate, virakto vimucyate//21//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 22

225 yatra tu niṣṭhā yatra tu paryavasānaṃ so .yam —

tena — duḥkhena janmanā atyantaṃ vimuktir apavargaḥ/ katham? upāttasya janmano hānam, anyasya cānupādānam/ etām avasthām aparyantam apavargaṃ vedayante 'pavargavidaḥ/ tad abhayam ajaram amṛtyupadaṃ brahma kṣemaprāptir iti/

226 nityaṃ sukham ātmano mahattvavan mokṣe vyajyate, yenābhivyaktenātyantaṃ vimuktaḥ sukhī bhātīti kecin manyante/ teṣāṃ pramāṇābhāvād anupapattiḥ/ na pratyakṣaṃ nānumānaṃ nāgamo vā vidyate nityaṃ sukham ātmano mahattvavan mokṣe 'bhivyajyata iti/ nityasyābhivyaktiḥ — saṃvedanam, tasya hetuvacanam/ nityasyābhivyaktiḥ —saṃvedanam — jñānam iti, tasya hetur vācyo yatas tad utpadyata iti/

227 sukhavan nityam iti cet? saṃsārasthasya muktenāviśeṣaḥ/ yathā muktaḥ sukhena tatsaṃvedanena ca sannityenopapannas tathā saṃsārastho 'pi prasajyata iti, ubhayasya nityatvāt/

228 abhyanujñāne ca dharmādharmaphalena sāhacaryaṃ yaugapadyaṃ gṛhyeta/ yad idam utpattisthāneṣu dharmādharmaphalaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ vā saṃvedyate paryāyeṇa, tasya ca nityasaṃvedanasya ca sahabhāvo yaugapadyaṃ gṛhyeta, na sukhābhāvo nānabhivyaktir asti, ubhayasya nityatvāt/ anityatve hetuvacanam/ atha mokṣe nityasya sukhasya saṃvedanam anityam? yata utpadyate sa hetur vācyaḥ/ ātmamanaḥsaṃyogasya nimittāntarasahitasya hetutvam/ ātmamanaḥsaṃyogo hetur iti cet? evam api tasya sahakāri nimittāntaraṃ vacanīyam iti/ dharmasya kāraṇavacanam/ yadi dharmo nimittāntaram? tasya hetur vācyo yataḥ utpadyata iti/ yogasamādhijasya kāryāvasāyavirodhāt prakṣaye saṃvedananivṛttiḥ/ yadi yogasamādhijo dharmo hetuḥ?

229 tasya kāryāvasāyavirodhāt prakṣaye saṃvedanam atyantaṃ nivartate/ asaṃvedane cāvidyamānenāviśeṣaḥ/ yadi dharmakṣayāt saṃvedanoparamo nityaṃ sukhaṃ na saṃvedyata iti? kiṃ vidyamānaṃ na saṃvedyate, athāvidyamānam iti nānumānaṃ viśiṣṭe 'stīti/ aprakṣayaś ca dharmasya niranumānam utpattidharmakatvāt/ yogasamādhijo dharmo na kṣīyata iti nāsty anumānam/ utpattidharmakam anityam iti viparyayasya tv anumānam/ yasya tu saṃvedanoparamo nāsti tena saṃvedanahetur nitya ity anumeyam/ nitye ca muktasaṃsārasthayor aviśeṣa ity uktam/ yathā muktasya nityaṃ sukhaṃ tatsaṃvedanahetuś ca, saṃvedanasya tūparamo nāsti, kāraṇasya nityatvāt, tathā saṃsārasthasyāpīti/ evaṃ ca sati dharmādharmaphalena sukhaduḥkhasaṃvedanena sāhacaryaṃ gṛhyeteti/ śarīrādisambandhaḥ pratibandhahetur iti cet? na, śarīrādīnām upabhogārthatvāt viparyayasya cānanumānāt/

230 syān matam — saṃsārāvasthasya śarīrādisambandho nityasukhasaṃvedanahetoḥ pratibandhakaḥ, tenāviśeṣo nāstīti/ etac cāyuktam, śarīrādayaḥ upabhogārthās te bhogapratibandhaṃ kariṣyantīty anupapannam; na cāsty anumānam aśarīrasyātmano bhogaḥ kaścid astīti/

231 iṣṭādhigamārthā pravṛttir iti cet? na, aniṣṭoparamārthatvāt/ idam anumānam — iṣṭādhigamārtho mokṣopadeśaḥ pravṛttiś ca mumukṣūṇām, nobhayam anarthakam iti/ etac cāyuktam, aniṣṭoparamārtho mokṣopadeśaḥ pravṛttiś ca mumukṣūṇām iti/ neṣṭam aniṣṭenānanuviddhaṃ sambhavatīti iṣṭam apy aniṣṭaṃ sampadyate, aniṣṭahānāya ghaṭamāna iṣṭam api jahāti, vivekahānasyāśakyatvād iti/ dṛṣṭātikramaś ca dehādiṣu tulyaḥ/ yathā dṛṣṭam anityaṃ sukhaṃ parityajya nityaṃ sukhaṃ kāmayate, evaṃ dehendriyabuddhīr anityā dṛṣṭā atikramya muktasya nityā dehendriyabuddhayaḥ kalpayitavyāḥ, sādhīyaś caivaṃ muktasya caikātmyaṃ kalpitaṃ bhavatīti/ upapattiviruddham iti cet? samānam/ dehādīnāṃ nityatvaṃ pramāṇaviruddhaṃ kalpayitum aśakyam iti? samānaṃ sukhasyāpi nityatvaṃ pramāṇaviruddhaṃ kalpayitum aśakyam iti/ ātyantike ca saṃsāraduḥkhābhāve sukhavacanād āgame 'pi saty avirodhaḥ/ yady api kaścid āgamaḥ syāt muktasyātyantikaṃ sukham iti?

232 sukhaśabda ātyantike duḥkhābhāve prayukta ity evam upapadyate, dṛṣṭo hi duḥkhābhāve sukhaśabdaprayogo bahulaṃ loka iti/ nityasukharāgasyāprahāṇe mokṣādhigamābhāvaḥ, rāgasya bandhanasamājñānāt/ yady ayaṃ mokṣo nityaṃ sukham abhivyajyata iti, nityasukharāgeṇa mokṣāya ghaṭamāno na mokṣam adhigacchet, nādhigantum arhatīti/ bandhanasamājñāto hi rāgaḥ/ na ca bandhane saty api kaścin mukta ity upapadyata iti/ prahīṇanityasukharāgasyāpratikūlatvam/ athāsya nityasukharāgaḥ prahīyate, tasmin prahīṇe nāsya nityasukharāgaḥ pratikūlo bhavati? yady evam, muktasya nityaṃ sukhaṃ bhavati, athāpi na bhavati, nāsyobhayoḥ pakṣayor mokṣādhigamo vikalpyate iti//22//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 23

233 sthānavata eva tarhi saṃśayasya lakṣaṇaṃ vācyam iti tad ucyate —

234

samānadharmopapatter viśeṣāpekṣo vimarśaḥ saṃśaya iti/ sthāṇupuruṣayoḥ samānaṃ dharmam ārohapariṇāhau paśyan pūrvadṛṣṭaṃ ca tayor viśeṣam bubhutsamānaḥ kiṃsvid ity anyataraṃ nāvadhārayati, tadanavadhāraṇaṃ jñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ/ samānam anayor dharmam upalabhe viśeṣam anyatarasya nopalabha ity eṣā buddhir apekṣā — % nopalabha ity eṣā buddhir apekṣā —] 240 saṃśayasya pravṛttikā vartate, tena viśeṣāpekṣo vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ/ anekadharmopapatter iti/ samānajātīyam asamānajātīyaṃ cānekam/ tasyānekasya dharmopapatteḥ —

244 viśeṣasyobayathā dṛṣṭatvāt/ samānajātīyebhyo 'samānajātīyebyaś cārthā viśiṣyante, gandhavattvāt pṛthivy abādhibyo viśiṣyate guṇakarmabhyaś ca / asti ca śabde vibhāgajanyatvaṃ viśeṣaḥ/ tasmin dravyaṃ guṇaḥ karma veti sandehaḥ, viśeṣasyobayathā dṛṣṭatvāt/

249 kiṃ dravyasya sato guṇakarmabhyo viśeṣaḥ, āhosvid guṇasya sata iti, atha karmaṇaḥ sata iti? viśeṣāpekṣā — anyatamasya vyavasthāpakaṃ dharma nopalaba iti buddhir iti/ vipratipatter iti/ vyāhatam ekārthadarśanaṃ vipratipattiḥ, vyāghātaḥ — virodho 'sahabhāva iti/ asty ātmety ekaṃ darśanam, nāsty ātmety aparam, na ca sadbhāvāsadbhāvau sahaikatra sambhavataḥ, na cānyatarasādhako hetur upalabhyate, tatra tattvānavadhāraṇaṃ saṃśaya iti/ upalabdhyavayavasthātaḥ khalv api sac codakam upalabhyate taḍāgādiṣu, marīciṣu cāvidyamānam udakam iti, ataḥ kvacid upalabhyamāne tattvavyavasthāpakasya pramāṇasyānupalabdheḥ kiṃ sad upalabhyate 'thāsad iti saṃśayo bhavati/ anupalabdhyavyavasthātaḥ/ sac ca nopalabyate mūlakīlakodakādi, asac cānutpannaṃ niruddhaṃ vā,

250 tataḥ kvacid anupalabhyamāne saṃśayaḥ, kiṃ san nopalabyate utāsad iti saṃśayo bhavati/ viśeṣāpekṣā pūrvavat/ pūrvaḥ samāno 'nekaś ca dharmo jñeyasthaḥ, upalabdhyanupalabdhī punar jñātṛsthe, etāvatā viśeṣeṇa punarvacanam/

255 samānadharmādhigamāt samānadharmopapatter viśeṣasmṛtyapekṣo vimarśa iti//23//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 24

256 sthānavatāṃ lakṣaṇam iti samānam/

yam artham āptavyaṃ hātavyaṃ vā vyavasāya tadāptihānopāyam anutiṣṭhati, prayojanaṃ tad veditavyam, pravṛttihetutvāt/ imam artham āpsyāmi hāsyāmi veti vyavasāyo 'rthasyādhikāraḥ, evaṃ vyavasīyamāno 'rtho 'dhikriyata iti//24//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 25

258

lokasāmānyam anatītā laukikā naisargikaṃ vainayikaṃ buddhyatiśayam aprāptāḥ/ tadviparītāḥ parīkṣakāḥ/ tarkeṇa pramāṇair arthaṃ parīkṣitum arhantīti/ yathā yam arthaṃ laukikā budhyante tathā parīkṣakā api,

259 so 'rtho dṛṣṭāntaḥ/ dṛṣṭāntavirodhena hi pratipakṣāḥ pratiṣeddhavyā bhavantīti, dṛṣṭāntasamādhinā ca svapakṣāḥ sthāpanīyā bhavantīti, avayaveṣu codāharaṇāya kalpata iti//25//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 26

260 atha siddhāntaḥ, idam itthambhūtañ cety abhyanujñāyamānam arthajātaṃ siddham, siddhasya saṃsthitiḥ siddhāntaḥ, saṃsthitir itthambhāvavyavasthā dharmaniyamaḥ/ sa khalv ayam —

261 tantrārthasaṃsthitiḥ tantrasaṃsthitiḥ, tantram itaretarābhisambaddhasyārthasamūhasyopadeśaḥ śāstram/ adhikaraṇānuṣaktārthasaṃsthitir adhikaraṇasaṃsthitiḥ, abhyupagamasaṃsthitir anavadhāritārthaparigrahaḥ, tadviśeṣaparīkṣaṇāyābhyupagamasiddhāntaḥ/

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 27

tantrabhedāt tu khalu

262 tatraitāś catasraḥ saṃsthitayo 'rthoānarabhūtāḥ//27//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 28

263 tāsām —

yathā ghrāṇādīnīnindriyāṇi gandhādaya indriyārhāḥ pṛthivyādīni bhūtāni pramāṇair arthasya grahaṇam iti//28//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 29

264

yathā nāsata ātmalābhaḥ, na sata ātmahānam, niratiśayāś cetanāḥ dehendriyamanaḥsu viṣayeṣu tattatkāraṇeṣu ca viśeṣa iti sāṅkhyānām, puruṣakarmādinimitto bhūtasargaḥ, karmahetavo doṣāḥ pravṛttiś ca, svaguṇaviśiṣṭāś cetanāḥ, asad utpadyate utpannaṃ nirudhyata iti yogānām//29//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 30

yasyārhtasya siddhāv anye 'rthā anuṣajyante, na tair vinā so 'rthaḥ sidhyati te 'rthā yadadhiṣṭhānāḥ so 'dhikaraṇasiddhāntaḥ,

265 yathā dehendriyavyatirikto jñātā darśanasparśanābhyām ekārthagrahaṇād iti atrānuṣaṅgiṇo 'rthā indriyanānātvaṃ niyataviṣayāṇīndriyāṇi svaviṣayagrahaṇaliṅgāni jñātur jñānasādhanāni, gandhādiguṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyaṃ guṇādhikaraṇam aniyataviṣayāś cetanā iti pūrvārthasiddhāv ete 'rhāḥ sidhyanti na tair vinā so 'rthaḥ sambhavatīti//30//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 31

266

yatra kiñcid arthajātam aparīkṣitam abhyupagamyate, astu dravyaṃ śabdaḥ sa tu nityo 'thānitya iti? dravyasya sato nityatānityatā vā tadviśeṣaḥ parīkṣyate, so 'bhyupagamasiddhāntaḥ svabuddhyatiśayacikhyāpayiṣayā parabuddhyavajñānāc ca pravartata iti//31//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 32

269 athāvayavāḥ —

daśāvayavān eke naiyāyikā vākye sañcakṣate, jijñāsā saṃśayaḥ śakyaprāptiḥ prayojanaṃ saṃśayavyudāsa iti, te kasmān nocyanta iti/ tatrāpratīyamāne 'rthe pratyayārthasya pravartikā jijñāsā/

% jijñāsā/]ü@270 apratīyamānam arthaṃ kasmāj jijñāsate? taṃ tattvato jñātaṃ hāsyāmi vopādāsya upekṣiṣye veti/ tā etā hānopādānopekṣābuddhayas tattvajñānasyārthaṣ tadartham(corr.; -rthaḥ, stadartham, ed.) ayaṃ jijñāsate/ sā khalv ayam asādhanam arthasyeti/ jijñāsādhiṣṭhānaṃ saṃśayaś ca vyāhatadharmopasaṅghātāt tattvajñāne pratyāsannaḥ, vyāhatayor hi dharmayor anyataratattvaṃ bhavitum arhatīti/ sa pṛthag upadiṣṭo 'py asādhanam arthasyeti/ pramātuḥ pramāṇāni prameyādhigamārthāni, sā śakyaprāptir na sādhakasya vākyasya bhāgena yujyate pratijñādivad iti/ prayojanaṃ tattvāvadhāraṇam arthasādhakasya vākyasya phalaṃ naikadeśa iti/ saṃśayavyudāsaḥ pratipakṣopavarṇanaṃ tatpratiṣedhena tattvajñānābhyanujñānārtham, na tv ayaṃ sādhakavākyaikadeśa iti/ prakaraṇe tu jijñāsādayaḥ samarthā avadhāraṇīyārthopakārāt/

271 tattvārthasādhakabhāvāt tu pratijñādayaḥ sādhakavākyasya bhāgā ekadeśā avayavā iti// 32 //

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 33

272 teṣāṃ tu yathāvibhaktānām —

prajñāpanīyena dharmeṇa dharmiṇo viśiṣṭasya parigrahavacanaṃ pratijñā sādhyanirdeśaḥ anityaḥ śabda iti//33//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 34

283

udāharaṇena sāmānyāt sādhyasya dharmasya sādhanaṃ prajñāpanaṃ hetuḥ, sādhye pratisandhāya dharmam udāharaṇe ca pratisandhāya tasya sādhanatāvacanaṃ hetuḥ utpattidharmakatvād iti/

284 % -dharmakatvād iti/] 288 utpattidharmakam anityaṃ dṛṣṭam iti// 34 //

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 35

290 kim etāvad dhetulakṣaṇam iti? nety ucyate/ kiṃ tarhi?

udāharaṇavaidharmyāc ca sādhyasādhanaṃ hetuḥ/ katham? anityaḥ śabda utpattidharmakatvāt, anutpattidharmakaṃ nityaṃ yathātmādidravyam iti//35//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 36

306

sādhyena sādharmyaṃ samānadharmatā/ sādhyasādharmyāt kāraṇāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta iti/

308 tasya dharmas taddharmaḥ, tasya — sādhyasya/ sādhyaṃ ca dvividhaṃ dharmiviśiṣṭo vā dharmaḥ śabdasyānityatvam, dharmaviśiṣṭo vā dharmy anityaḥ śabda iti/ ihottaraṃ tadgrahaṇena gṛhyata iti/ kasmāt? pṛthagdharmavacanāt/ tasya dharmas taddharmas tasya bhāvas taddharmabhāvaḥ sa yasmin dṛṣṭānte vartate sa dṛṣṭāntaḥ sādhyasādharmyād utpattidharmakatvat taddharmabhāvī bhavati, sa codāharaṇam iṣyate/ tatra yad utpadyate tad utpattidharmakam/ tac ca bhūtvā na bhavati ātmānaṃ jahāti nirudhyata ity anityam/ evam utpattidharmakatvaṃ sādhanam anityatvaṃ sādhyam/

309 so 'yam ekasmin dvayor dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvaḥ sādharmyād vyavasthita upalabhyate, taṃ dṛṣṭānta upalabhamānaḥ śabde 'py anuminoti — śabdo 'py utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ sthālyādivad iti, udāhriyate 'nena dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāva ity udāharaṇam//36//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 37

dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam iti prakṛtam/ sādhyavaidharmyād ataddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam iti/ anityaḥ śabda utpattidharmakatvāt anutpattidharmakaṃ nityam ātmādi, so 'yam ātmādir dṛṭṣṭāntaḥ sādhyavaidharmyād anutpattidharmakatvād ataddharmabhāvī — yo 'sau sādhyasya dharmo 'nityatvaṃ sa tasmin na bhavatīti/

310 atrātmādau dṛṣṭānta utpattidharmakatvasyābhāvād anityatvaṃ na bhavatīty upalabhamānaḥ śabde viparyayam anuminoty utpattidharmakatvasya bhāvād anityaḥ śabda iti/ sādharmyoktasya hetoḥ sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam/ vaidharmyoktasya hetoḥ sādhyavaidharmyād ataddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam/

311 pūrvasmin dṛṣṭānte yau tau dharmau sādhyasādhanabhūtau paśyati sādhye 'pi tayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvam anuminoti/ uttarasmin dṛṣṭānte tayor dharmayor ekasyābhāvād itarasyābhāvaṃ paśyati tayor ekasya bhāvād itarasya bhāvaṃ sādhye 'numinotīti/ tad etad dhetuvābhāseṣu na sambhavatīty ahetavo hetvābhāsāḥ/

312 tad idaṃ hetūdāharaṇayoḥ sāmarthyaṃ paramasūkṣmaṃ duḥkhabodhaṃ paṇḍitarūpavedanīyam iti//37//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 38

313

udāharaṇāpekṣa udāharaṇatantra udāharaṇavaśaḥ/ vaśaḥ sāmarthyam/ sādhyasādharmyayukte udāharaṇe sthālyādi dravyam utpattidharmakam anityaṃ dṛṣṭam, tathā śabda utpattidharmaka iti sādhyasya śabdasyotpattidharmakatvam upasaṃhriyate/

314 sādhyavaidharmyayukte punar udāharaṇa ātmādi dravyam anutpattidharmakaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam, na ca tathā śabda iti, anutpattidharmakatvasyopasaṃhārarapratiṣedhenotpattidharmakatvam upasaṃhriyate/ tad idam upasaṃhāradvaitam udāharaṇadvaitād bhavati/ upasaṃhriyate 'neneti copasaṃhāro veditavya iti//38//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 39

315 dvividhasya punar hetor dvividhasya codāharaṇasyopasaṃhāradvaite ca samānam —

sādharmyokte vā vaidharmyokte vā yathodāharaṇam upasaṃhriyate, tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam — nigamyante 'neneti pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayā ekatreti nigamanam/ nigamyante — samarthyante — sambadhyante/ tatra sādharmokte tāvad dhetau vākyam anityaḥ śabda iti pratijñā/ utpattidharmakatvād iti hetuḥ/ utpattidharmakaṃ sthālyādi dravyam anityam ity udāharaṇam/ tathā cotpattidharmakaḥ śabda ity upanayaḥ/ tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam/ vaidharmyokte 'py anityaḥ śabda utpattidharmakatvāt,

316 anutpattidharmakam ātmādi dravyaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam, na ca tathānutpattidharmakaḥ śabdaḥ tasmād utpattidharmakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti/ avayavasamudāye ca vākye sambhūyetaretarābhisambandhāt pramāṇāny arthān sādhayantīti/ sambhavas tāvat śabdaviṣayā pratijñā, āptopadeśasya pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ pratisandhānād anṛṣeś ca svātantryānupapatteḥ/ anumānaṃ hetuḥ, udāharaṇe sādṛśyapratipatteḥ/ tac codāharaṇabhāṣye vyākhyātam/ pratyakṣaviṣayam udāharaṇaṃ dṛṣṭenādṛṣṭasiddheḥ/ upamānam upanayaḥ tathety upasaṃhārāt, na ca tatheti vopamānadharmapratiṣedehe viparītadharmopasaṃhārasiddheḥ/ sarveṣām ekārthapratipattau sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanam iti/ itaretarābhisambandho 'pi — asatyāṃ pratijñāyām anāśrayā hetvādayo na pravarteran/

317 asati hetau kasya sādhanabhāvaḥ pradarśyeta/ udāharaṇe sādhye ca kasyopasaṃhāraḥ syāt kasya cāpadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanaṃ syād iti/ asaty udāharaṇe kena sādharmyaṃ vaidharmyaṃ vā sādhyasādhanam upādīyeta, kasya vā sādharmyavaśād upasaṃhāraḥ pravarteta/ upanayaṃ cāntareṇa sādhye 'nupasaṃhṛtaḥ sādhako dharmo nārthaṃ sādhayet/ nigamanābhāve cānabhiyuktasambandhānāṃ pratijñādīnām ekārthena pravartanaṃ tatheti pratipādanaṃ kasyeti/ athāvayavārthaḥ — sādhyasya dharmasya dharmiṇā sambandhopādānaṃ pratijñārthaḥ/ udāharaṇena samānasya viparītasya vā sādhyasya dharmasya sādhakabhāvavacanaṃ hetvarthaḥ/ dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvapradarśanam ekatrodāharaṇārthaḥ/ sādhanabhūtasya dharmasya sādhyena dharmeṇa sāmānādhikaraṇyopapādanam upanayārthaḥ/ udāharaṇasthayor dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvopapattau sādhye viparītaprasaṅgapratiṣedhārthaṃ nigamanam/ nacaitasyāṃ hetūdāharaṇapariśuddhau satyāṃ sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānasya vikalyāj jātinigrahasthānabahutvaṃ prakramate/ avyavasthāpya khalu dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvam udāharaṇe jātivādī pratyavatiṣṭhate/ vyavasthite tu khalu dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāve dṛṣṭāntasthe gṛhyamāṇe sādhanabhūtasya dharmasya hetutvenopādānaṃ na sādharmyamātrasya na vaidharmyamātrasya veti// 39 //

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 40

318 320 ata ūrdhvaṃ tarko lakṣaṇīya ity athedam ucyate —

avijñāyamānatattve 'rthe jijñāsā tāvaj jāyate jānīyemam artham iti/ atha jijñāsitasya vastuno vyāhatau dharmau vibhāgena vimṛśati —

321 kiṃsvid ittham āhosvin nettham iti/ vimṛśyamānayor dharmayor ekaṃ kāraṇopapattyānujānāti, sambhavaty asmin kāraṇaṃ pramāṇaṃ hetur iti kāraṇopapattyā syād evam etan netarad iti/ tatra nidarśanam — yo 'yaṃ jñātā jñātavyam arthaṃ jānīte taṃ tattvato jānīyeti jijñāsā/ sa kim utpattidharmako 'thānutpattidharmaka iti vimarśaḥ/ vimṛśyamāne 'vijñātatatte 'rthe yasya dharmasyābhyanujñākāraṇam upapadyate tam anujānāti/ yady ayam anutpattidharmakaḥ, tataḥ svakṛtasya karmaṇaḥ phalam anubhavati jñātā, duḥkhajanmapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānānām uttaram uttaraṃ pūrvasya pūrvasya kāraṇam, uttarottarāpāye tadanantarāpāyād apavarga iti syātāṃ saṃsārāpavargau/

322 utpattidharmake jñātari punar na syātām/ utpannaḥ khalu jñātā dehendriyabuddhivedanābhiḥ sambadhyata iti nāsyedaṃ svakṛtasya karmaṇaḥ phalam utpannaś ca bhūtvā na bhavatīti tasyāvidyamānasya niruddhasya vā svakṛtakarmaṇaḥ phalopabhogo nāsti/ tad evam ekasyānekaśarīrayogaḥ śarīraviyogaś cātyantaṃ na syād iti yatra kāraṇam anupapadyamānaṃ paśyati tan nānujānāti/ so 'yam evaṃlakṣaṇa ūhas tarka ity ucyate/ kathaṃ punar ayaṃ tattvajñānārtho na tattvajñānam eveti? anavadhāraṇāt/ anujānāty ayam ekataraṃ dharmaṃ kāraṇopapattyā, na tv avadhārayati na vyavasyati na niścinoti evam evedam iti/ kathaṃ tattvajñānārtha iti? tattvajñānaviṣayābhyanujñālakṣaṇānugrahabhāvitāt prasannād anatarapramāṇasāmarthyāt tattvajñānam utpadyata ity evaṃ tattvajñānārtha iti/ so 'yaṃ tarkaḥ pramāṇāni pratisandadhānaḥ pramāṇābhyanujñānāt pramāṇasahito vāde 'padiṣṭa ity avijñātatattvam anujānāti/

323 yathā so 'rho bhavati tasya tathābhāvaḥ tattvam, aviparyayo yāthātathyam//40//

Adhyāya 1, Āhnika 1, Sūtra 41

329 etasmiṃś ca tarkaviṣaye —

sthāpanā sādhanam, pratiṣedha upālambhaḥ/ tau sādhanopālambhau pakṣapratipakṣāśrayau vyatiṣaktāv anubandhena pravartamānau pakṣapratipakṣāv ity ucyete/ tayor anyatarasya nivṛttir ekatarasyāvasthānam avaśyambhāvi, yasyāvasthānaṃ tasyārthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ/ nedaṃ pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇaṃ sambhavatīti — eko hi pratijñātam arthaṃ hetutaḥ sthāpayati pratiṣiddhaṃ coddharati dvitīyasya/ dvitīyena sthāpanāhetuḥ pratiṣidhyate tasyaiva pratiṣedhahetuś coddhriyate sa nivartate/

330 tasya nivṛttau yo 'vatiṣṭhate tenārthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ/ ubhābhyām evārthāvadhāraṇam ity āha/ kayā yuktyā? ekasya sambhavo dvitīyasyāsambhavaḥ/ tāv etau sambhavāsambhavau vimarśaṃ saha nivarttayataḥ — ubhayasambhave ubhayāsambhave vānivṛtto vimarśa iti/ vimṛśyeti vimarśaṃ kṛtvā/ so 'yaṃ vimarśaḥ pakṣapratipakṣāv avadyotya nyāyaṃ pravartayatīty upādīyata iti/ etac ca viruddhayor ekadharmisthayor boddhavyam/ yatra tu dharmisāmānyagatau viruddhau dharmau hetutaḥ sambhavataḥ tatra samuccayaḥ, hetuto 'rthasya tathābhāvopapatteḥ/ yathā — kriyāvad dravyam iti lakṣaṇavacane yasya dravyasya kriyāyogo hetutaḥ sambhavati tat kriyāvat, yasya na sambhavati tad akriyam iti/ ekadharmisthayoś ca viruddhayor dharmayor ayugapadbhāvinoḥ kālavikalpaḥ/ yathā — tad eva dravyaṃ kriyāyuktaṃ kriyāvat, anutpannoparatakriyaṃ punar akriyam iti/ na cāyaṃ nirṇaye niyamo vimṛśyaiva pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇaya iti, kiṃ tv indriyārthasannikarṣotpannapratyakṣe 'rthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇaya iti, parīkṣāviṣaye tu vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyām arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ/ vāde śāstre ca vimarśavarjam// 41 //