12.1. Action

O edn 889-911, O tr. 230-236

12.1.1. The Fruits of Action

O edn 889-904, O tr. 230-234
12.03a śubha.aśubha.phalaṃ karma mano.vāc.deha.sambhavam |
12.03c karmajā gatayo nṝṇām uttama.adhama.madhyamaḥ || 3 ||
12.04a tasya-iha trividhasya-api tryadhiṣṭhānasya dehinaḥ |
12.04c daśalakṣaṇayuktasya mano vidyāt pravartakam || 4 ||
12.05a paradravyeṣv abhidhyānaṃ manasā-aniṣṭacintanam |
12.05c vitathābhiniveśaś ca trividhaṃ karma mānasam || 5 ||
12.06a pāruṣyam anṛtaṃ ca-eva paiśunyaṃ ca-api sarvaśaḥ |
12.06c asambaddhapralāpaś ca vāc.mayaṃ syāc caturvidham || 6 ||
12.07a adattānām upādānaṃ hiṃsā ca-eva-avidhānataḥ |
12.07c paradāra.upasevā ca śārīraṃ trividhaṃ smṛtam || 7 ||
J 271
12.08a mānasaṃ manasā-eva-ayam upabhuṅkte śubha.aśubham |
12.08c vācā vācā kṛtaṃ karma kāyena-eva ca kāyikam || 8 ||
12.09a śarīrajaiḥ karmadoṣair yāti sthāvaratāṃ naraḥ |
12.09c vācikaiḥ pakṣi.mṛgatāṃ mānasair antyajātitām || 9 ||
12.10a vāgdaṇḍo 'tha manodaṇḍaḥ kāyadaṇḍas tathā-eva ca |
12.10c yasya-ete nihitā buddhau tridaṇḍī-iti sa ucyate || 10 ||
12.11a tridaṇḍam etan nikṣipya sarvabhūteṣu mānavaḥ |
12.11c kāma.krodhau tu saṃyamya tataḥ siddhiṃ niyacchati || 11 || 394

12.1.1.1. The Inner Selves

O edn 891-892, O tr. 230-231
12.12a yo 'sya-ātmanaḥ kārayitā taṃ kṣetrajñaṃ pracakṣate |
12.12c yaḥ karoti tu karmāṇi sa bhūtātmā-ucyate budhaiḥ || 12 ||
12.13a jīvasañjño 'ntarātmā-anyaḥ sahajaḥ sarvadehinām |
12.13c yena vedayate sarvaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca janmasu || 13 ||
12.14a tāv ubhau bhūtasampṛktau mahān kṣetrajña eva ca |
12.14c uccāvaceṣu bhūteṣu sthitaṃ taṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhataḥ || 14 ||
12.15a a.saṅkhyā mūrtayas tasya niṣpatanti śarīrataḥ |
12.15c uccāvacāni bhūtāni satataṃ ceṣṭayanti yāḥ || 15 ||

12.1.1.2. The Process of Rebirth

O edn 892-893, O tr. 231
12.16a pañcabhya eva mātrābhyaḥ pretya duṣkṛtināṃ nṛṇām | 395
12.16c śarīraṃ yātanārthīyam anyad utpadyate dhruvam || 16 ||
12.17a tena-anubhūya tā yāmīḥ śarīreṇa-iha yātanāḥ |
12.17c tāsv eva bhūtamātrāsu pralīyante vibhāgaśaḥ || 17 ||
J 272
12.18a so 'nubhūya-asukha.udarkān doṣān viṣayasaṅgajān |
12.18c vyapeta.kalmaṣo 'bhyeti tāv eva-ubhau mahā.ojasau || 18 ||
12.19a tau dharmaṃ paśyatas tasya pāpaṃ ca-atandritau saha |
12.19c yābhyāṃ prāpnoti sampṛktaḥ pretya-iha ca sukha.asukham || 19 ||
12.20a yady ācarati dharmaṃ sa prāyaśo 'dharmam alpaśaḥ | 396
12.20c tair eva ca-āvṛto bhūtaiḥ svarge sukham upāśnute || 20 ||
12.21a yadi tu prāyaśo 'dharmaṃ sevate dharmam alpaśaḥ |
12.21c tair bhūtaiḥ sa parityakto yāmīḥ prāpnoti yātanāḥ || 21 ||
12.22a yāmīs tā yātanāḥ prāpya sa jīvo vīta.kalmaṣaḥ |
12.22c tāny eva pañca bhūtāni punar apyeti bhāgaśaḥ || 22 ||
12.23a etā dṛṣṭvā-asya jīvasya gatīḥ svena-eva cetasā |
12.23c dharmato 'dharmataś ca-eva dharme dadhyāt sadā manaḥ || 23 ||

12.1.1.3. The Three Attributes

O edn 893-899, O tr. 231-232
12.24a sattvaṃ rajas tamas-ca-eva trīn vidyād ātmano guṇān |
12.24c yair vyāpya-imān sthito bhāvān mahān sarvān aśeṣataḥ || 24 ||
12.25a yo yadā-eṣāṃ guṇo dehe sākalyena-atiricyate |
12.25c sa tadā tadguṇaprāyaṃ taṃ karoti śarīriṇam || 25 ||
12.26a sattvaṃ jñānaṃ tamo 'jñānaṃ rāga.dveṣau rajaḥ smṛtam |
12.26c etad vyāptimad eteṣāṃ sarvabhūtāśritaṃ vapuḥ || 26 ||
12.27a tatra yat prītisaṃyuktaṃ kiṃ cid ātmani lakṣayet |
12.27c praśāntam iva śuddhābhaṃ sattvaṃ tad upadhārayet || 27 ||
J 273
12.28a yat tu duḥkhasamāyuktam aprītikaram ātmanaḥ |
12.28c tad rajo pratīpaṃ vidyāt satataṃ hāri dehinām || 28 || 397
12.29a yat tu syān mohasaṃyuktam avyaktaṃ viṣayātmakam |
12.29c apratarkyam avijñeyaṃ tamas tad upadhārayet || 29 ||
12.30a trayāṇām api ca-eteṣāṃ guṇānāṃ yaḥ phala.udayaḥ |
12.30c agryo madhyo jaghanyaś ca taṃ pravakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ || 30 ||
12.31a vedābhyāsas tapo jñānaṃ śaucam indriyanigrahaḥ |
12.31c dharmakriyā-ātmacintā ca sāttvikaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 31 ||
12.32a ārambharucitā-adhairyam asatkārya.parigrahaḥ |
12.32c viṣaya.upasevā ca-ajasraṃ rājasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 32 ||
12.33a lobhaḥ svapno 'dhṛtiḥ krauryaṃ nāstikyaṃ bhinnavṛttitā |
12.33c yāciṣṇutā pramādaś ca tāmasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 33 ||
12.34a trayāṇām api ca-eteṣāṃ guṇānāṃ triṣu tiṣṭhatām |
12.34c idaṃ sāmāsikaṃ jñeyaṃ kramaśo guṇalakṣaṇam || 34 ||
12.35a yat karma kṛtvā kurvaṃś ca kariṣyaṃś ca-eva lajjati |
12.35c taj jñeyaṃ viduṣā sarvaṃ tāmasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam || 35 ||
12.36a yena-asmin karmanā loke khyātim icchati puṣkalām |
12.36c na ca śocaty asampattau tad vijñeyaṃ tu rājasam || 36 ||
12.37a yat sarveṇa-icchati jñātuṃ yan na lajjati ca-ācaran |
12.37c yena tuṣyati ca-ātmā-asya tat sattvaguṇalakṣaṇam || 37 ||
J 274
12.38a tamaso lakṣaṇaṃ kāmo rajasas tv artha ucyate |
12.38c sattvasya lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaḥ śraiṣṭhyam eṣāṃ yathā.uttaram || 38 ||
12.39a yena yas tu guṇena-eṣāṃ saṃsarān pratipadyate | 398
12.39c tān samāsena vakṣyāmi sarvasya-asya yathākramam || 39 ||
12.40a devatvaṃ sāttvikā yānti manuṣyatvaṃ ca rājasāḥ |
12.40c tiryaktvaṃ tāmasā nityam ity eṣā trividhā gatiḥ || 40 ||
12.41a trividhā trividhā-eṣā tu vijñeyā gauṇikī gatiḥ |
12.41c adhamā madhyama.agryā ca karma.vidyā.viśeṣataḥ || 41 ||
12.42a sthāvarāḥ kṛmi.kīṭāś ca matsyāḥ sarpāḥ sa.kacchapāḥ |
12.42c paśavaś ca mṛgāś ca-eva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ || 42 ||
12.43a hastinaś ca turaṅgāś ca śūdrā mlecchāś ca garhitāḥ |
12.43c siṃhā vyāghrā varāhāś ca madhyamā tāmasī gatiḥ || 43 ||
12.44a cāraṇāś ca suparṇāś ca puruṣāś ca-eva dāmbhikāḥ |
12.44c rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāś ca tāmasīṣu-uttamā gatiḥ || 44 ||
12.45a jhallā mallā naṭāś ca-eva puruṣāḥ śastra.vṛttayaḥ |
12.45c dyūta.pāna.prasaktāś ca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ || 45 ||
12.46a rājānaḥ kṣatriyāś ca-eva rājñāṃ ca-eva purohitāḥ |
12.46c vāda.yuddha.pradhānāś ca madhyamā rājasī gatiḥ || 46 ||
12.47a gandharvā guhyakā yakṣā vibudhānucarāś ca ye |
12.47c tathā-eva-apsarasaḥ sarvā rājasīṣu-uttamā gatiḥ || 47 ||
J 275
12.48a tāpasā yatayo viprā ye ca vaimānikā gaṇāḥ |
12.48c nakṣatrāṇi ca daityāś ca prathamā sāttvikī gatiḥ || 48 ||
12.49a yajvāna ṛṣayo devā vedā jyotīṃṣi vatsarāḥ |
12.49c pitaraś ca-eva sādhyāś ca dvitīyā sāttvikī gatiḥ || 49 ||
12.50a brahmā viśvasṛjo dharmo mahān avyaktam eva ca |
12.50c uttamāṃ sāttvikīm etāṃ gatim āhur manīṣiṇaḥ || 50 ||
12.51a eṣa sarvaḥ samuddiṣṭas tri.prakārasya karmaṇaḥ | 399
12.51c trividhas trividhaḥ kṛtsnaḥ saṃsāraḥ sārvabhautikaḥ || 51 ||
12.52a indriyāṇāṃ prasaṅgena dharmasya-asevanena ca |
12.52c pāpān saṃyānti saṃsārān avidvāṃso narādhamāḥ || 52 ||
12.53a yāṃ yāṃ yoniṃ tu jīvo 'yaṃ yena yena-iha karmaṇā |
12.53c kramaśo yāti loke 'smiṃs tat tat sarvaṃ nibodhata || 53 ||

12.1.1.4. Sin and Rebirth

O edn 899-904, O tr. 233-234
12.54a bahūn varṣagaṇān ghorān narakān prāpya tatkṣayāt |
12.54c saṃsārān pratipadyante mahāpātakinas tv imān || 54 ||
12.55a śva.sūkara.khara.uṣṭrāṇāṃ go.'ja.avi.mṛga.pakṣiṇāṃ |
12.55c caṇḍāla.pukkasānāṃ ca brahmahā yonim ṛcchati || 55 ||
12.56a kṛmi.kīṭa.pataṅgānāṃ viṣ.bhujāṃ ca-eva pakṣiṇām |
12.56c hiṃsrāṇāṃ ca-eva sattvānāṃ surāpo brāhmaṇo vrajet || 56 ||
12.57a lūtā.ahi.saraṭānāṃ ca tiraścāṃ ca-ambucāriṇām |
12.57c hiṃsrāṇāṃ ca piśācānāṃ steno vipraḥ sahasraśaḥ || 57 ||
J 276
12.58a tṛṇa.gulma.latānāṃ ca kravyādāṃ daṃṣṭriṇām api |
12.58c krūrakarmakṛtāṃ ca-eva śataśo gurutalpagaḥ || 58 ||
12.59a hiṃsrā bhavanti kravyādāḥ kṛmayo 'medhyabhakṣiṇaḥ |
12.59c parasparādinaḥ stenāḥ pretya-antyastrīniṣeviṇaḥ || 59 ||
12.60a saṃyogaṃ patitair gatvā parasya-eva ca yoṣitam |
12.60c apahṛtya ca viprasvaṃ bhavati brahmarākṣasaḥ || 60 ||
12.61a maṇi.muktā.pravālāni hṛtvā lobhena mānavaḥ |
12.61c vividhāṇi ca ratnāni jāyate hemakartṛṣu || 61 ||
12.62a dhānyaṃ hṛtvā bhavaty ākhuḥ kāṃsyaṃ haṃso jalaṃ plavaḥ |
12.62c madhu daṃśaḥ payaḥ kāko rasaṃ śvā nakulo ghṛtam || 62 ||
12.63a māṃsaṃ gṛdhro vapāṃ madgus tailaṃ tailapakaḥ khagaḥ |
12.63c cīrīvākas tu lavaṇaṃ balākā śakunir dadhi || 63 ||
12.64a kauśeyaṃ tittirir hṛtvā kṣaumaṃ hṛtvā tu darduraḥ |
12.64c kārpāsatāntavaṃ krauñco godhā gāṃ vāggudo guḍam || 64 ||
12.65a chucchundariḥ śubhān gandhān patraśākaṃ tu barhiṇaḥ | 400
12.65c śvāvit kṛtānnaṃ vividham akṛtānnaṃ tu śalyakaḥ || 65 ||
12.66a bako bhavati hṛtvā-agniṃ gṛhakārī hy upaskaram |
12.66c raktāni hṛtvā vāsāṃsi jāyate jīvajīvakaḥ || 66 ||
12.67a vṛko mṛga.ibhaṃ vyāghro 'śvaṃ phala.mūlaṃ tu markaṭaḥ |
12.67c strīm ṛkṣaḥ stokako vāri yānāny uṣṭraḥ paśūn ajaḥ || 67 ||
J 277
12.68a yad vā tad vā paradravyam apahṛtya balāt-naraḥ |
12.68c avaśyaṃ yāti tiryaktvaṃ jagdhvā ca-eva-ahutaṃ haviḥ || 68 ||
12.69a striyo 'py etena kalpena hṛtvā doṣam avāpnuyuḥ |
12.69c eteṣām eva jantūnāṃ bhāryātvam upayānti tāḥ || 69 ||
12.70a svebhyaḥ svebhyas tu karmabhyaś cyutā varṇā hy anāpadi |
12.70c pāpān saṃsṛtya saṃsārān preṣyatāṃ yānti śatruṣu || 70 || 401
12.71a vāntāśy ulkāmukhaḥ preto vipro dharmāt svakāc cyutaḥ |
12.71c amedhya.kuṇapāśī ca kṣatriyaḥ kaṭapūtanaḥ || 71 || 402
12.72a maitrākṣajyotikaḥ preto vaiśyo bhavati pūyabhuk | 403
12.72c cailāśakaś ca bhavati śūdro dharmāt svakāc cyutaḥ || 72 ||
12.73a yathā yathā niṣevante viṣayān viṣaya.ātmakāḥ |
12.73c tathā tathā kuśalatā teṣāṃ teṣu-upajāyate || 73 ||
12.74a te 'bhyāsāt karmaṇāṃ teṣāṃ pāpānām alpa.buddhayaḥ |
12.74c samprāpnuvanti duḥkhāni tāsu tāsv iha yoniṣu || 74 ||
12.75a tāmisrādiṣu ca-ugreṣu narakeṣu vivartanam |
12.75c asipatravanādīni bandhana.chedanāni ca || 75 ||
12.76a vividhāś ca-eva sampīḍāḥ kāka.ulūkaiś ca bhakṣaṇam |
12.76c karambhavālukātāpān kumbhīpākāṃś ca dāruṇān || 76 ||
12.77a sambhavāṃś ca viyonīṣu duḥkha.prāyāsu nityaśaḥ |
12.77c śīta.ātapa.abhighātāṃś ca vividhāni bhayāni ca || 77 ||
J 278
12.78a asakṛd garbhavāseṣu vāsaṃ janma ca dāruṇam |
12.78c bandhanāni ca kāṣṭhāni parapreṣyatvam eva ca || 78 || 404
12.79a bandhu.priya.viyogāṃś ca saṃvāsaṃ ca-eva durjanaiḥ |
12.79c dravyārjanaṃ ca nāśaṃ ca mitra.amitrasya ca-arjanam || 79 ||
12.80a jarāṃ ca-eva-a.pratīkārāṃ vyādhibhiś ca-upapīḍanam |
12.80c kleśāṃś ca vividhāṃs tāṃs tān mṛtyum eva ca dur.jayam || 80 ||
12.81a yādṛśena tu bhāvena yad yat karma niṣevate |
12.81c tādṛśena śarīreṇa tat tat phalam upāśnute || 81 ||
12.82a eṣa sarvaḥ samuddiṣṭaḥ karmaṇāṃ vaḥ phala.udayaḥ |
12.82c naiḥśreyasakaraṃ karma viprasya-idaṃ nibodhata || 82 ||
  1. 12.11cv/ M:
    kāma.krodhau susaṃyamya tataḥ siddhiṃ nigacchati
  2. 12.16av/ M:
    pañcabhya eva bhūtebhyaḥ
  3. 12.20av/ M:
    yatha-ācarati
  4. 12.28cv/ M:
    hartṛ
  5. 12.39av/ M:
    yena yāṃs tu
  6. 12.51av/ M:
    triḥ.prakārasya
  7. 12.65av/ M:
    chucchundarīḥ
  8. 12.70cv/ M:
    yānti dasyuṣu
  9. 12.71cv/ M:
    kūṭapūtanaḥ
  10. 12.72av/ M:
    maitrākṣijyotikaḥ
  11. 12.78cv/ M:
    kaṣṭāni