J 14

Chapter 2

O edn 403-446, O tr. 94-107

2.1. The Law

O edn 403-415, O tr. 94-98
2.01a vidvadbhiḥ sevitaḥ sadbhir nityam a.dveṣa.rāgibhiḥ |
2.01c hṛdayena-abhyanujñāto yo dharmas taṃ nibodhata || 1 ||

2.1.1. Excursus: Desire

O edn 403, O tr. 94
2.02a kāmātmatā na praśastā na ca-eva-iha-asty akāmatā |
2.02c kāmyo hi vedādhigamaḥ karmayogaś ca vaidikaḥ || 2 ||
2.03a saṅkalpa.mūlaḥ kāmo vai yajñāḥ saṅkalpa.sambhavāḥ |
2.03c vratāni yamadharmāś ca sarve saṅkalpajāḥ smṛtāḥ || 3 ||
2.04a a.kāmasya kriyā kā cid dṛśyate na-iha karhi cit |
2.04c yad yadd hi kurute kiṃ cit tat tat kāmasya ceṣṭitam || 4 ||
2.05a teṣu samyag vartamāno gacchaty amaralokatām |
2.05c yathā saṅkalpitāṃś ca-iha sarvān kāmān samaśnute || 5 ||

2.1.2. Sources of Law

O edn 404, O tr. 94
2.06a vedo 'khilo dharmamūlaṃ smṛti.śīle ca tadvidām |
2.06c ācāraś ca-eva sādhūnām ātmanas tuṣṭir eva ca || 6 ||
2.07a yaḥ kaś cit kasya cid dharmo manunā parikīrtitaḥ |
2.07c sa sarvo 'bhihito vede sarvajñānamayo hi saḥ || 7 ||
J 15
2.08a sarvaṃ tu samavekṣya-idaṃ nikhilaṃ jñānacakṣuṣā |
2.08c śrutiprāmāṇyato vidvān svadharme niviśeta vai || 8 ||
2.09a śruti.smṛti.uditaṃ dharmam anutiṣṭhan hi mānavaḥ |
2.09c iha kīrtim avāpnoti pretya ca-anuttamaṃ sukham || 9 ||
2.10a śrutis tu vedo vijñeyo dharmaśāstraṃ tu vai smṛtiḥ |
2.10c te sarvārtheṣv a.mīmāṃsye tābhyāṃ dharmo hi nirbabhau || 10 ||
2.11a yo 'vamanyeta te mūle hetuśāstrāśrayād dvijaḥ |
2.11c sa sādhubhir bahiṣkāryo nāstiko vedanindakaḥ || 11 ||

2.1.3. Knowledge of the Law

O edn 405, O tr. 94
2.12a vedaḥ smṛtiḥ sadācāraḥ svasya ca priyam ātmanaḥ |
2.12c etac caturvidhaṃ prāhuḥ sākṣād dharmasya lakṣaṇam || 12 ||
2.13a artha.kāmeṣv a.saktānāṃ dharmajñānaṃ vidhīyate |
2.13c dharmaṃ jijñāsamānānāṃ pramāṇaṃ paramaṃ śrutiḥ || 13 ||

2.1.4. Contradictions in Law

O edn 405, O tr. 95
2.14a śrutidvaidhaṃ tu yatra syāt tatra dharmāv ubhau smṛtau |
2.14c ubhāv api hi tau dharmau samyag uktau manīṣibhiḥ || 14 ||
2.15a udite 'nudite ca-eva samayādhyuṣite tathā |
2.15c sarvathā vartate yajña iti-iyaṃ vaidikī śrutiḥ || 15 ||

2.1.5. Competence to Study the Law

O edn 405-406, O tr. 95
2.16a niṣeka.ādi.śmaśāna.anto mantrair yasya-udito vidhiḥ |
2.16c tasya śāstre 'dhikāro 'smiñ jñeyo na-anyasya kasya cit || 16 ||

2.1.6. The Sacred Land

O edn 406-407, O tr. 95
2.17a sarasvatī.dṛśadvatyor devanadyor yad antaram |
2.17c taṃ devanirmitaṃ deśaṃ brahmāvartaṃ pracakṣate || 17 ||
J 16
2.18a tasmin deśe ya ācāraḥ pāramparyakramāgataḥ |
2.18c varṇānāṃ sa.antarālānāṃ sa sadācāra ucyate || 18 ||
2.19a kurukṣetraṃ ca matsyāś ca pañcālāḥ śūrasenakāḥ |
2.19c eṣa brahmarṣideśo vai brahmāvartād anantaraḥ || 19 ||
2.20a etad deśaprasūtasya sakāśād agrajanmanaḥ |
2.20c svaṃ svaṃ caritraṃ śikṣeran pṛthivyāṃ sarvamānavāḥ || 20 ||
2.21a himavad.vindhyayor madhyaṃ yat prāg vinaśanād api |
2.21c pratyag eva prayāgāc ca madhyadeśaḥ prakīrtitaḥ || 21 ||
2.22a ā samudrāt tu vai pūrvād ā samudrāc ca paścimāt |
2.22c tayor eva-antaraṃ giryor āryāvartaṃ vidur budhāḥ || 22 ||
2.23a kṛṣṇasāras tu carati mṛgo yatra svabhāvataḥ |
2.23c sa jñeyo yajñiyo deśo mlecchadeśas tv ataḥ paraḥ || 23 ||
2.24a etāṇ dvijātayo deśān saṃśrayeran prayatnataḥ |
2.24c śūdras tu yasmin kasmin vā nivased vṛttikarśitaḥ || 24 || 16

2.1.7. Consecratory Rites

O edn 407-408, O tr. 95
2.25a eṣā dharmasya vo yoniḥ samāsena prakīrtitā |
2.25c sambhavaś ca-asya sarvasya varṇadharmān nibodhata || 25 ||
2.26a vaidikaiḥ karmabhiḥ puṇyair niṣekādir dvijanmanām |
2.26c kāryaḥ śarīrasaṃskāraḥ pāvanaḥ pretya ca-iha ca || 26 ||
2.27a gārbhair homair jātakarma.cauḍa.mauñjī.nibandhanaiḥ |
2.27c baijikaṃ gārbhikaṃ ca-eno dvijānām apamṛjyate || 27 ||
J 17
2.28a svādhyāyena vratair homais traividyena-ijyayā sutaiḥ |
2.28c mahāyajñaiś ca yajñaiś ca brāhmī-iyaṃ kriyate tanuḥ || 28 ||

2.1.8. Childhood Rites

O edn 408-409, O tr. 96
2.29a prāṅ nābhivardhanāt puṃso jātakarma vidhīyate |
2.29c mantravat prāśanaṃ ca-asya hiraṇya.madhu.sarpiṣām || 29 ||
2.30a nāmadheyaṃ daśamyāṃ tu dvādaśyāṃ vā-asya kārayet |
2.30c puṇye tithau muhūrte vā nakṣatre vā guṇānvite || 30 ||
2.31a maṅgalyaṃ brāhmaṇasya syāt kṣatriyasya balānvitam |
2.31c vaiśyasya dhanasaṃyuktaṃ śūdrasya tu jugupsitam || 31 ||
2.32a śarmavad brāhmaṇasya syād rājño rakṣāsamanvitam | 17
2.32c vaiśyasya puṣṭi.saṃyuktaṃ śūdrasya preṣyasaṃyutam || 32 ||
2.33a strīṇāṃ sukha.udyam a.krūraṃ vispaṣṭa.arthaṃ manoharam |
2.33c maṅgalyaṃ dīrghavarṇa.antam āśīrvāda.abhidhānavat || 33 ||
2.34a caturthe māsi kartavyaṃ śiśor niṣkramaṇaṃ gṛhāt |
2.34c ṣaṣṭhe 'nnaprāśanaṃ māsi yad vā-iṣṭaṃ maṅgalaṃ kule || 34 ||
2.35a cūḍākarma dvijātīnāṃ sarveṣām eva dharmataḥ |
2.35c prathame 'bde tṛtīye vā kartavyaṃ śruticodanāt || 35 || 18

2.1.9. Vedic Initiation

O edn 409-414, O tr. 96-97

2.1.9.1. Time for Initiation

O edn 409, O tr. 96
2.36a garbhāṣṭame 'bde kurvīta brāhmaṇasya-upanāyanam |
2.36c garbhād ekādaśe rājño garbhāt tu dvādaśe viśaḥ || 36 ||
2.37a brahmavarcasa.kāmasya kāryo viprasya pañcame |
2.37c rājño bala.arthinaḥ ṣaṣṭhe vaiśyasya-iha-arthino 'ṣṭame || 37 ||
J 18

2.1.9.2. Failure to be Initiated

O edn 409-410, O tr. 96
2.38a ā ṣodaśād brāhmaṇasya sāvitrī na-ativartate |
2.38c ā dvāviṃśāt kṣatrabandhor ā caturviṃśater viśaḥ || 38 ||
2.39a ata ūrdhvaṃ trayo 'py ete yathākālam a.saṃskṛtāḥ |
2.39c sāvitrīpatitā vrātyā bhavanty āryavigarhitāḥ || 39 ||
2.40a na-etair a.pūtair vidhivad āpady api hi karhi cit |
2.40c brāhmān yaunāṃś ca sambandhān na-ācared brāhmaṇaḥ saha || 40 || 19

2.1.9.3. Insignia-I

O edn 410-411, O tr. 96-97
2.41a kārṣṇa.raurava.bāstāni carmāṇi brahmacāriṇaḥ |
2.41c vasīrann ānupūrvyeṇa śāṇa.kṣauma.āvikāni ca || 41 ||
2.42a mauñjī trivṛt samā ślakṣṇā kāryā viprasya mekhalā |
2.42c kṣatriyasya tu maurvī jyā vaiśyasya śaṇatāntavī || 42 ||
2.43a muñjālābhe tu kartavyāḥ kuśa.aśmantaka.balvajaiḥ |
2.43c trivṛtā granthinā-ekena tribhiḥ pañcabhir eva vā || 43 ||
2.44a kārpāsam upavītaṃ syād viprasya-ūrdhvavṛtaṃ trivṛt |
2.44c śaṇa.sūtramayaṃ rājño vaiśyasya-āvikasautrikam || 44 ||
2.45a brāhmaṇo bailva.pālāśau kṣatriyo vāṭa.khādirau |
2.45c pailava.audumbarau vaiśyo daṇḍān arhanti dharmataḥ || 45 ||
2.46a keśāntiko brāhmaṇasya daṇḍaḥ kāryaḥ pramāṇataḥ |
2.46c lalāṭasammito rājñaḥ syāt tu nāsāntiko viśaḥ || 46 ||
2.47a ṛjavas te tu sarve syur a.vraṇāḥ saumya.darśanāḥ |
2.47c an.udvegakarā nṝṇāṃ sa.tvaco 'nagnidūṣitāḥ || 47 ||
J 19

2.1.9.4. Food

O edn 411-413, O tr. 97
2.48a pratigṛhya-īpsitaṃ daṇḍam upasthāya ca bhāskaram |
2.48c pradakṣiṇaṃ parītya-agniṃ cared bhaikṣaṃ yathāvidhi || 48 ||
2.49a bhavat.pūrvaṃ cared bhaikṣam upanīto dvijottamaḥ |
2.49c bhavan.madhyaṃ tu rājanyo vaiśyas tu bhavad.uttaram || 49 ||
2.50a mātaraṃ vā svasāraṃ vā mātur vā bhaginīṃ nijām |
2.50c bhikṣeta bhikṣām prathamaṃ yā ca-enaṃ na-avamānayet || 50 ||
2.51a samāhṛtya tu tad bhaikṣaṃ yāvadannam a.māyayā | 20
2.51c nivedya gurave 'śnīyād ācamya prāṅmukhaḥ śuciḥ || 51 ||
2.52a āyuṣyaṃ prāṅ.mukho bhuṅkte yaśasyaṃ dakṣiṇā.mukhaḥ |
2.52c śriyaṃ pratyaṅ.mukho bhuṅkte ṛtaṃ bhuṅkte hy udaṅ.mukhaḥ || 52 ||
2.53a upaspṛśya dvijo nityam annam adyāt samāhitaḥ |
2.53c bhuktvā ca-upaspṛśet samyag adbhiḥ khāni ca saṃspṛśet || 53 ||
2.54a pūjayed aśanaṃ nityam adyāc ca-etad a.kutsayan |
2.54c dṛṣṭvā hṛṣyet prasīdec ca pratinandec ca sarvaśaḥ || 54 ||
2.55a pūjitaṃ hy aśanaṃ nityaṃ balam ūrjaṃ ca yacchati |
2.55c a.pūjitaṃ tu tad bhuktam ubhayaṃ nāśayed idam || 55 ||
2.56a na-ucchiṣṭaṃ kasya cid dadyān na-adyād etat tathā-antarā |
2.56c na ca-eva-atyaśanaṃ kuryān na ca-ucchiṣṭaḥ kva cid vrajet || 56 ||
2.57a an.ārogyam an.āyuṣyam a.svargyaṃ ca-atibhojanam |
2.57c apuṇyaṃ lokavidviṣṭaṃ tasmāt tat parivarjayet || 57 ||
J 20

2.1.9.5. Sipping

O edn 413-414, O tr. 97
2.58a brāhmeṇa vipras tīrthena nityakālam upaspṛśet |
2.58c kāya.traidaśikābhyāṃ vā na pitryeṇa kadā cana || 58 ||
2.59a aṅguṣṭhamūlasya tale brāhmaṃ tīrthaṃ pracakṣate |
2.59c kāyam aṅgulimūle 'gre devaṃ pitryaṃ tayor adhaḥ || 59 ||
2.60a trir ācāmed apaḥ pūrvaṃ dviḥ pramṛjyāt tato mukham |
2.60c khāni ca-eva spṛśed adbhir ātmānaṃ śira eva ca || 60 ||
2.61a an.uṣṇābhir a.phenābhir adbhis tīrthena dharmavit |
2.61c śauca.īpsuḥ sarvadā-ācāmed ekānte prāg.udaṅ.mukhaḥ || 61 ||
2.62a hṛdgābhiḥ pūyate vipraḥ kaṇṭhagābhis tu bhūmipaḥ |
2.62c vaiśyo 'dbhiḥ prāśitābhis tu śūdraḥ spṛṣṭābhir antataḥ || 62 ||

2.1.9.6. Insignia-II

O edn 414, O tr. 97
2.63a uddhṛte dakṣine pāṇāv upavītī-ucyate dvijaḥ |
2.63c savye prācīnāvītī nivītī kaṇṭhasajjane || 63 ||
2.64a mekhalām ajinaṃ daṇḍam upavītaṃ kamaṇḍalum |
2.64c apsu prāsya vinaṣṭāni gṛhṇīta-anyāni mantravat || 64 ||

2.1.10. Shaving Ceremony

O edn 414, O tr. 98
2.65a keśāntaḥ ṣoḍaśe varṣe brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate |
2.65c rājanyabandhor dvāviṃśe vaiśyasya dvyadhike mataḥ || 65 ||

2.1.11. Consecratory Rites for Women

O edn 414-415, O tr. 98
2.66a a.mantrikā tu kāryā-iyaṃ strīṇām āvṛd aśeṣataḥ |
2.66c saṃskārārthaṃ śarīrasya yathākālaṃ yathākramam || 66 ||
2.67a vaivāhiko vidhiḥ strīṇāṃ saṃskāro vaidikaḥ smṛtaḥ |
2.67c patisevā gurau vāso gṛhārtho 'gni.parikriyā || 67 ||
J 21
2.68a eṣa prokto dvijātīnām aupanāyaniko vidhiḥ |
2.68c utpatti.vyañjakaḥ puṇyaḥ karmayogaṃ nibodhata || 68 ||
  1. 2.24cv/ M:
    yasmiṃs tasmin vā
  2. 2.32av/ M:
    rājñā ?
  3. 2.35cv/ M:
    śrutinodanāt
  4. 2.40cv/ M:
    brāhmaṇaiḥ saha
  5. 2.51av/ M:
    yāvadartham